Arrays in C++ Numeric Character. Structured Data Type A structured data type is a type that stores a collection of individual components with one variable.

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Arrays in C++ Numeric Character

Structured Data Type A structured data type is a type that stores a collection of individual components with one variable name and allows individual components to be stored and retrieved

An array is a named block of memory that can store a group of related data. The individual elements in the group will be related. For example if one needs to keep records on the sales information for a car dealership the best way would be a column to represent the data, with a header to represent the type of data being shown.

Array in C++ : Depending on what type of data is being stored the array type is either Numeric or Character type. Numeric type will have either real or integer values and arithmetic operations are allowed on the elements of the array. The components of an array are: Index Name Name of the array is used to access the block of memory used and the Index is used to find the particular element that we are looking for.

Declaration of an Array the index is also called the subscript in C++, the first array element always has subscript 0. The second array element has subscript 1, etc. the base address of an array is its beginning address in memory SYNTAX DataType ArrayName [DeclaredSize];

Numeric Arrays: intstocks [ 10 ] ; /* Integer numbers */ floatsales [10] ; /* Real numbers */ /* Examples on using and accessing an array. All arrays start with index 0 and end with index size-1. */ stocks[0] = 0 ; /* Would access the first element of the array */ sales[0] = 0.0 ; /* and initialize it to 0. */

Declare variables to store and total 3 blood pressures int bp1, bp2, bp3; // bp[3]; int total; cout << bp1 << bp2 << bp3; total = bp1 + bp2 + bp3; bp2bp1bp

What if you wanted to store and total 1000 blood pressures? int bp[ 1000 ] ; // declares an array of 1000 int values bp[0] bp[1] bp[2].... bp[999]

One-Dimensional Array Definition An array is a structured collection of components (called array elements), all of the same data type, given a single name, and stored in adjacent memory locations. The individual components are accessed by using the array name together with an integral valued index in square brackets. The index indicates the position of the component within the collection.

Example Declare an array called temps which will hold up to 5 individual float values. float temps[5]; // declaration allocates memory temps[0] temps[1] temps[2] temps[3] temps[4] number of elements in the array indexes or subscripts Base Address

Assigning Values to Individual Array Elements float temps[ 5 ] ; // allocates memory for array int m = 4 ; temps[ 2 ] = 98.6 ; temps[ 3 ] = ; temps[ 0 ] = 99.4 ; temps[ m ] = temps[ 3 ] / 2.0 ; temps[ 1 ] = temps[ 3 ] ; // what value is assigned? temps[0] temps[1] temps[2] temps[3] temps[4] ?

What values are assigned? float temps[ 5 ] ; // allocates memory for array int m ; for (m = 0; m < 5; m++) { temps[ m ] = m  0.2 ; } temps[0] temps[1] temps[2] temps[3] temps[4] ? ? ? ? ?

Now what values are printed? float temps[ 5 ] ; // allocates memory for array int m ;..... for (m = 4; m >= 0; m-- ) { cout << temps[ m ] << endl; // Output? } temps[0] temps[1] temps[2] temps[3] temps[4]

Variable Subscripts float temps[ 5 ] ; // allocates memory for array int m = 3 ; What is temps[ m + 1] ? What is temps[ m ] + 1 ? temps[0] temps[1] temps[2] temps[3] temps[4]

A Closer Look at the Compiler float temps[5]; // this declaration allocates memory To the compiler, the value of the identifier temps alone is the base address of the array. We say temps is a pointer (because its value is an address). It “points” to a memory location. temps[0] temps[1] temps[2] temps[3] temps[4]

Initializing in a Declaration int ages[ 5 ] = { 40, 13, 20, 19, 36 } ; int list [ 5 ] = { 0 }; int array [ 6 ] = { 1} ; for ( int m = 0; m < 5; m++ ) { cout << ages[ m ] << “\t” ; } ages[0] ages[1] ages[2] ages[3] ages[4]