Welcome to MM570 Psychological Statistics Unit 1 Seminar Unit 1 Seminar Instructor: May Shaw Instructor: May Shaw

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Seminar Outline Welcome! Welcome! Syllabus Overview Syllabus Overview Contact Information for Instructor Contact Information for Instructor Seminar Rules and Format Seminar Rules and Format Discussion Discussion

Syllabus Highlights Due Dates All learning activities for a unit are due by Tuesday 11:59 pm ET. Due Dates All learning activities for a unit are due by Tuesday 11:59 pm ET. Late penalties Projects: 2% per day late Discussion Threads: 10% per week late Late penalties Projects: 2% per day late Discussion Threads: 10% per week late All late assignments due by: 11:59 pm ET Sunday ending Week 10 All late assignments due by: 11:59 pm ET Sunday ending Week 10

Instructor Contact Information Instructor: May Shaw [May] Instructor: May Shaw [May] AIM Screen name: mymshw AIM Screen name: mymshw Office hours: By appointment and we can meet in AIM, on the phone or in a seminar room. Office hours: By appointment and we can meet in AIM, on the phone or in a seminar room. Phone Number: Phone Number:

Chapter 1: Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ All rights reserved.

The Two Branches of Statistical Methods  Descriptive statistics – Summarize/organize scores from a research study  Inferential statistics – Draw conclusions/make inferences that go beyond the scores from a research study Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ All rights reserved.

Basic Concepts  Variable – A characteristic that can have different values  Value – A possible number or category that a score can have  Score – A particular person’s value on a variable Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ All rights reserved.

Levels of Measurement  Numeric (quantitative) variable – Equal-interval variables e.g., GPA e.g., GPA – Rank-order (ordinal) variables e.g., class rank e.g., class rank  Nominal (categorical) variables – e.g., gender Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ All rights reserved.

Frequency Tables  Provide a listing of individuals having each of the different values for a particular variable.  e.g., stress ratings of 30 students: 8,7,4,10,8,6,8,9,9,7,3,7,6,5,0,9,10,7,7,3,6,7,5,2,1,6,7, 10,8,8 10,8,8 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ All rights reserved.

Steps for Making a Frequency Table Make a list down the page of each possible value, from lowest to highest Make a list down the page of each possible value, from lowest to highest Go one by one through the scores, making a mark for each next to its value on the list Go one by one through the scores, making a mark for each next to its value on the list Make a table showing how many times each value on the list is used Make a table showing how many times each value on the list is used Figure the percentage of scores for each value Figure the percentage of scores for each value Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ All rights reserved.

A Frequency Table Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ All rights reserved.

Grouped Frequency Table  A frequency table that uses intervals Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ All rights reserved.

Frequency Graphs  Histogram Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ All rights reserved.

Shapes of Frequency Distributions  Unimodal, bimodal, and rectangular Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ All rights reserved.

Shapes of Frequency Distributions  Symmetrical and skewed distributions Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ All rights reserved.

Shapes of Frequency Distributions  Normal and kurtotic distributions Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ All rights reserved.

Controversies and Limitations of Graphs  Failure to use equal interval sizes  Exaggeration of proportions Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ All rights reserved.