Physical and Chemical Adaptations

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Presentation transcript:

Physical and Chemical Adaptations Life in the Estuary: Physical and Chemical Adaptations

Physical and Chemical Features of the Estuary Tidal flow/current Storms/wave action/erosion Staying put Temperature Extremes Desiccation Not freezing Salinity Tidal influence Rainfall Drought Snow melt Organism internal maintenance Osmosis

Fundamentals Osmosis: Diffusion of a liquid (water) through a semipermeable membrane (gill, skin, etc) from and area of relatively lower osmotic concentration to an area of relatively higher osmotic concentration in an attempt to equalize both concentrations For example: Fish have internal osmotic concentration Approx 1/3 of seawater. As a result, freshwater fish are constantly urinating and saltwater fish are constantly drinking.

Factors that Influence Changes Physical Chemical Moon phase Alters tidal amplitude (speed) Weather Storms may cause severe wave action Rainfall May increase (or decrease) currents Snowmelt Spring melts often increase flow Global Warming Sea level rise may result in different current patterns Moon Phase Tidal amplitude may increase (or decrease) distance of salt wedge intrusion Weather Storms may alter mixing Rainfall Dilution of salinity Snowmelt Global Warming Some species have temperature dependent sex determination (Sea Turtles)

Physical Adaptation Salinity/Exposure Flow Temperature Move “Clam up” Swim (i.e. fish) Fly (i.e. birds) Burrow (i.e. crabs) “Clam up” (i.e. clams/oysters) Excretion Grasses Go with current Fish eggs Plankton Algae Crabs Sessile Attach using natural cement Oysters/barnacles Attach with large and/or intricate roots Kelps and grasses Epiphytes Move Swim (i.e. fish) Fly (i.e. birds) Burrow (i.e. crabs) “Clam up” (i.e. clams/oysters) Dormancy Plants

Chemical Adaptation Salinity Temperature Osmosis Dormancy Constant battle against the forces of diffusion Dormancy Plants Antifreeze? fish