the INTERNET how it works

the internet: defined So, what is it?

the internet: defined cont. A system of interlinked, hypertext documents accessed via a Web browser. Web 1.0 A digitized social community, where people are users, reading and writing information. Web 2.0 A semantic web of information where software enhances users thinking, sharing, socializing, reading, learning Web 3.0

the internet: defined cont. Recently, whenever people ask me "What's Web 3.0?" I've been saying that it's when we apply all the principles we're learning about aggregating human-generated data and turning it into collective intelligence, and apply that to sensor-generated (machine-generated) data. Tim O'Reilly, coined term Web 2.0

the internet: defined cont. Basically… The semantic web (current internet) links information together in a way that is both useful and automatic rather than manual and disjointed. It’s a collection of data resources that are interconnected and speak the same language.

the internet: defined cont. For example, if you go to a new travel agency and ask them to book the perfect vacation for you, the travel agent will not be able to do it, because she does not know you. In order to find the perfect vacation there needs to be constraints: where you've been before, who you are going with, what you like to do, what is your budget, etc. Finding the "perfect" vacation is not a one shot deal, it is a process, which leverages iteration and memory. True, with the Semantic Web the information is structured, but it does not mean that the computer can necessarily solve complex problems. These are two completely different things. Just because you have a map, does not mean that you know the best way to get from point A to point B. Having a map is necessary, but it is not sufficient, you need the algorithm to find the best path. There is a big difference between asking what is the capital of France and what is the cheapest airfair today to fly from New York to Paris. And the even harder question is: Where should I go on vacation next?

Where is the center of the internet? There isn’t one! Or is there…

Acronyms & Vernacular to Know www URL IP HTML HTTP FTP Client Server Domain Name

The Basic Process A client is a user computer that makes a request. A server is a computer that fulfills that request.

The Basic Process The most common type of request is a web page. Web pages are built using HTML (Hyper-Text Markup Language).

The World Wide Web Clients and servers hook into the World Wide Web. The WWW is simply millions of computers connected through networks that can access one another.

The World Wide Web In order for these computers to talk to one another they need to speak the same language.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) HTTP is a set of rules, or protocols which governs the transfer of hypertext between two or more computers. HTTP is based on the client/server principle. HTTP allows "computer A" (the client) to establish a connection to "computer B" (the server) and make a request. The server accepts the connection initiated by the client and sends back a response. An HTTP request identifies the resource that the client is interested in and tells the server what "action" to take on the resource. Computer Talk

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) FTP is one of the most popular uses on the internet to download/ upload files. We will set up an FTP account soon! Computer Talk

IP (Internet Protocol) With millions of computers hooked up to the same network it is quite the task to know which computer you want to talk to. IP addresses look like this Every machine that is hooked up to the internet has a UNIQUE Internet Protocol (IP) address. Some IP addresses are static (they don’t change… at least not often) such as Internet Service Providers Some IP addresses are dynamic. Like your laptop or cell phone. Each time they hook up to the internet they get a different IP Address IP’s Addresses

Are all IP addresses Unique?

IPv4(6) 5 RIR (Regional Internet Registry) Governed by an international unincorporated (mutual understanding to protect IP addresses – specially unassigned – as there are limited amounts) organization – called the NRO (Number Resource Organization)

URL Since is not very easy to remember, luckily there is a system (DNS) that converts IP addresses into domain names for us. An IP address get’s converted into part of a URL. Domain Names & URL’s

how the internet works: advanced The web of meaning Need a language PROTOCOL of web server via browsers is HTTP, but what about the actual language?! HTML? XML > RDF > OWL XML : used to describe things RDF: defines concepts and relations OWL: adds logic to concepts thru ontology

how the internet works: advanced XML : used to describe things RDF: defines concepts and relations OWL: adds logic to concepts thru ontology, defining classes and instances and relationships

The End This is the end of the internet… presentation that is.