The Respiratory System Medical Terminology

Structures of the Upper Respiratory System Nose Nasal septum Olfactory receptors Paranasal Sinuses Frontal Maxillary Ethmoid Sphenoid Pharynx Nasopharynx Oropharynx Uvula Laryngopharynx Larynx Glottis Epiglottis Thyroid cartilage

Structures of the Lower Respiratory System Trachea (windpipe) Bronchial Tree Alveoli (alveolus= belly) Lungs Lobes ----- R=3; L=2 Respiratory membrane See next slide Mediastinum Also called: interpleural space Pleura (see next slide) Parietal pleura Visceral pleura Pleural space Diaphragm Phrenic nerve

Terminology of Respiratory System Eupnea note: -pnea = breathing Tachypnea Bradypnea Apnea SIDS Dyspnea DOE Hyperpnea Hypopnea Hyperventilation Anoxia Hypoxia Hypercapnea Cyanosis

Terminology of Respiratory System Nose = nas/o or rhin/o Trachea = trache/o Lungs = pneum/o ; pneumon/o; pulmon/o Ventilation Respiration External respiration Inspiration = active Expiration = passive Internal respiration

Pathology of Respiratory System URI’s Rhinitis (rhinorrhea) Pharyngitis Laryngitis Aphonia & dysphonia Pertussis Croup Epistaxis Pleurisy Pleural effusion Hemoptysis Compare to hematemesis COPD Chronic bronchitis Asthma Bronchiectasis Emphysema Pneumoconioses (coni/o = dust) Asbestosis Anthracosis (black lung) Silicosis Berylliosis Byssinosis These cause pulmonary fibrosis

Pathology of Respiratory System Respiratory distress syndrome Pulmonary edema Atelectasis TB (tuberculosis) Pneumonia Also called pneumonitis Cystic fibrosis Pneumothorax Hemothorax

Diagnostic & Treatment Procedures Thoracentesis Thoracostomy Thoracotomy Pneumonectomy Tracheostomy Bronchoscopy Spirometry Skin tests PPD Mantoux Tine Chest Imaging X-ray CAT MRI Scans