Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Frederic H. Martini PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Chapter 1, part 2 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 1-3 Homeostasis
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Autoregulation Extrinsic regulation Two general points within homeostasis
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings A receptor A control center An effector Homeostatic regulation involves
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.5 Figure 1.5 Negative Feedback: The Control of Body Temperature
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.6 Positive Feedback: Blood Clotting Figure 1.6
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 1-4 A frame of reference for anatomical studies
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Superficial anatomy breaks the body into anatomical landmarks and regions Sectional anatomy provides directional references Anatomical position – standing upright with palms facing forward
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.7 Anatomical Landmarks Figure 1.7a
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.7b
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.8 Abdominopelvic Quadrants and Regions Figure 1.8a
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.8b, c
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.9 Directional References Figure 1.9
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior Frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into anterior and posterior Sagittal plane divides the body into left and right Midsagittal divides the body exactly down the middle Plans and Sections are important in visualizing structures
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.10 Planes of Section Figure 1.10
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body cavities are internal chambers holding vital organs Cavities protect vital organs Cavities allow organs to change in shape and size Two body cavities Dorsal body cavity includes the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity Ventral body cavity includes the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity Body Cavities
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.12a Body Cavities Figure 1.12a, b
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The thoracic cavity contains the heart and lungs. It is subdivided into the left and right pleural cavities and the mediastinum Each pleural cavity contains one lung lined by the visceral and parietal pleura The mediastinum contains the pericardium, another serous membrane that surrounds the heart Thoracic Cavities Animation: Heart Dissection PLAY
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The abdominopelvic cavity is lined by the peritoneum The abdominal cavity extends from the diaphragm to the superior margins of the pelvis liver, stomach, spleen and most of the large intestine Abdominopelvic Cavity
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The pelvic cavity is bordered by the pelvis, with a floor of muscle reproductive organs, urinary bladder and the final portion of the large intestine Abdominopelvic Cavity Animation: Digestive System Dissection PLAY
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings X-rays Computerized tomography (CT) scans Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans Ultrasound images Spiral CT scans Digital subtraction angiography images (DSA) Positron emission tomography (PET) scans Clinical technology allows many different views of the body
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.13 X-rays Figure 1.13
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.14 Common scanning techniques Figure 1.14
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.15 Special Scanning Methods Figure 1.15c
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The characteristics of life. The sciences of anatomy and physiology and their various subdivisions. The levels of organization in the human body. The definition and importance of homeostasis. The terminology associated with superficial and sectional anatomy and the body cavities. You should now be familiar with: