The Respiratory System

© iStockphoto.com/”Eraxion”

Respiratory System Structure Nasal cavity Mouth Epiglottis Pharynx Larynx Smooth muscle Pulmonary arteriole Pulmonary venule Terminal bronchiole Respiratory bronchiole

The Conductive Zone The Conductive Zone

The Respiratory Zone The Respiratory Zone

Mechanisms of Breathing Active Inspiration: Passive Expiration: © iStockphoto.com/”ShaneKato”

Lung Volumes Dynamic lung volume Ventilation (V E ) V E = V T * f Tidal volume (V T ) Respiratory frequency (f) Ex. 16 breaths/min *.5 litres/breath = 8 l/min

Gas Exchange Gas Exchange Diffusion mediates gas exchange Diffusion Diffusion can only occur if a difference in concentration exists

a-vO2 Difference

Physiological Adaptations Due to Endurance Training

Inner Workings of Fitness A Yale University study used MRI imaging to monitor a group of men or various levels of fitness working out on a treadmill for an hour. KeithLarrySalvadore BackgroundPast Olympic marathon runner Fit active retired manSedentary worker Age Weight / Height135 lbs / 70 in169 lbs / 69 in173 lbs / 68 in Body Fat5.3%16.2 %35 % Daily Exercise2 Hours1 HourNone VO 2 Max76 ml / kg / min41.9 ml / kg /min35.3 ml / kg / min Right Iliac Artery Diameter 12 mm8 mm6 mm MRI scan indicating muscle work levels after 1 hour Tons of mitochondria shown in muscle but even though he went twice as far as Larry still not overly exerted Muscles show Larry’s muscles worked hard after running for a solid hour. Muscles lit up from walking for one hour on treadmill.