Government & War

Magna Carta Magna Carta – Written in 1215 – King signed to guarantee important rights to noblemen -Established elections -Established elections of representatives – Parliament: makes laws with a 2 house legislature House of Lords/Commons English Bill of Rights – document agreeing to respect the rights of English citizens & Parliament Move toward allowing the people more legal protection

The colonial leaders shared power England did not interfere with colonial affairs Parliament passed laws that were rarely enforced by governors Self-government grew in the colonies ROYAL GOVERNOR  Appointed by King  Oversaw colonial trade  Final approval on laws  Could dismiss colonial wishes  Appointed by governor  Advisory board to governor  Acted as high court in colonies  Elected by eligible colonists  Made laws  Had authority to tax  Paid governor’s salary Governor’s Council Colonial Assembly

Colonies supply raw materials and serve as a market for exports Colonies supply raw materials and serve as a market for exports - Favorable balance of trade for the mother country England passed Navigation Acts to force colonists to sell raw materials to England -All items bought by other countries had to be taxed -Trade had to occur on English ships Colonists began smuggling

French had little more than 80,000 people in New World (compared to 1,000,000 British colonists) France established trade alliances with Indians Rivals of England in Europe & wherever their empires met France attacked English colonies due to the British invading the French controlled Ohio River Valley trading area

Albany Plan of Union Ben Franklin’s idea Ben Franklin’s idea to unite the colonies under a central gov’t – Called to unite the colonies under a central gov’t Colonies REJECTED the plan Colonies REJECTED the plan to unite the colonies against the French Colonies did not want to give too much power to 1 government Colonies did not want to give too much power to 1 government – Colonies were jealous to share their power Especially to tax

Britain declared war on France Britain declared war on France – Over land claims in North America William Pitt William Pitt – British Secretary of State – Vowed to pay for & win war at all costs

Treaty of Paris (1763) Pre-War Land Claim Post-War Land Claim England FranceHaiti Spain North America from Atlantic Coast to Appalachian Mtns North America from Atlantic Coast to Appalachian Mtns. Hudson Bay; Newfoundland N. A. from Atlantic to Mississippi; Canada, Florida Canada, St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes, Mississippi River, Ohio River Valley, Haiti Florida, Mexico, Cuba N.A. west of the Miss. River, Mexico, Cuba

After the War British gov’t tightened control over the colonies British gov’t tightened control over the colonies after the war – Contrary to salutary neglect Proclamation of 1763 Proclamation of 1763 – Due to Pontiac’s War – Due to Pontiac’s War & land-hungry settlers – Stop all expansion west of the Appalachian Mts. Britain keeps troops in the area to protect their interests Britain keeps troops in the area to protect their interests – Military is in charge British used soldiers to enforce the law British used soldiers to enforce the law – People could only designated points under military supervision