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Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Chapter 13 Physical Development in Adolescence
Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Growth of the Body and Brain During Adolescence Sexual Activity During Adolescence Special Concerns About Teenage Sexual Activity Adolescent Health Issues
Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Puberty Early and Late Maturation Brain Development
Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Puberty ◦ The process of physical maturation that leads to the physical capability to reproduce. Androgens ◦ One type of sex hormone, released in greater concentration by males. Estrogens ◦ One type of sex hormone, released in greater concentration by females.
Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Menarche ◦ The first menstrual period for females, usually occurring around 12 to 13 years of age. Adolescent Growth Spurt ◦ The increase in growth associated with the onset of puberty.
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Body Image ◦ The way a person thinks about his or her body and how it looks to others. Early Maturation ◦ When the physical changes of puberty occur earlier than they do in the majority of one’s peers. Late Maturation ◦ When the physical changes of puberty occur later than they do in the majority of one’s peers.
Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Did you begin puberty earlier or later than other adolescents your age? How did your rate of maturation affect your feelings about yourself and how you compared with your classmates?
Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Prefrontal Cortex ◦ A large part of the frontal lobe of the brain that is important for planning, judgment, decision making, and inhibiting impulsive responding.
Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Patterns of Sexual Activity Contraceptive Use in Adolescence Sexual Knowledge and Sex Education
Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◦ A disease transmitted primarily through sexual contact.
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Contraception ◦ Methods such as condoms and birth control pills used to prevent pregnancy.
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Almost all public school systems provide sex education programs. Churches and community organizations such as Planned Parenthood, the YMCA, Boy Scouts, and Girl Scouts also offer these programs. Even with all the educational training, teens know very little about sex.
Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Was the sex education program in your school system adequate and effective? How do you think it could be improved?
Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Adolescents Teenage Pregnancy Forced Sexual Behavior
Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Chlamydia ◦ A common STD caused by a bacteria that often produces no symptoms, but that can lead to infertility if untreated. Gonorrhea ◦ A common STD caused by a bacteria with often mild symptoms, but that can lead to infertility, blood, or joint problems if untreated. Human Papillomarvirus (HPV) ◦ A common STD caused by a group of viruses. Persistent infection is the main risk for cervical cancer.
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Most experts agree that living in poverty is the biggest risk factor for teenage pregnancy. Earlier age of first intercourse increases the risk of pregnancy. Lack of parental supervision increases the risk of teen pregnancy.
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Rape ◦ Sexual intercourse as a result of physical force or psychological coercion. Sexual Assault ◦ Sexual contact due to physical force or psychological coercion that may or may not involve penetration. Sexual Harassment ◦ Any unwanted behavior of a sexual nature that creates a hostile or offensive environment.
Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Nutrition and Exercise Substance Use and Abuse Other Health Issues During the Adolescent Years
Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Eating Disorders ◦ Anorexia Nervosa A serious eating disorder involving distorted body image, intense fear of gaining weight, and refusal to maintain a healthy weight. ◦ Bulimia Nervosa A serious eating disorder with binge eating, followed by purging, fasting, or excessive exercise.
Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Substance Use ◦ Ingesting on more than a few occasions any substance that alters psychological functioning. Substance Abuse ◦ The use of a substance that alters psychological functioning to the extent that it creates difficulties in day- to-day life. Binge Drinking ◦ Consuming five or more alcoholic drinks on a single occasion.
Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Adolescents Need More Sleep ◦ Most teens do not get enough sleep. ◦ Delayed phase preference Depression ◦ Clinical Depression Causes of Death ◦ The leading cause of death among adolescents in unintentional injury, led by motor vehicle accidents.
Copyright © 2010, Pearson Education Inc., All rights reserved. Adolescent Drivers ◦ For every mile they drive, 16-year-old drivers are seven times more likely to have an accident than 25 – 29 year olds. Suicide ◦ Adolescents are more likely to attempt suicide when they were born to teenage mothers, suffered from depression, or other psychological disorders, had suicidal thoughts had a friend who attempted suicide, or had low self esteem.