9/22/15 Do Now: -Take out your ID cards -Take out something to write with. Homework: -Bring your ID cards to class Content Objective: Content Objective: Students will gain an understanding and appreciation for Puritanism and The Salem Witch Trails. Language Objective: Language Objective: Students will practice note-making using Cornell notes with a lecture on Puritanism and the Salem Witch Trails.

1)Note-taking vs. Note-making 2)Cornell Notes on Puritanism and the Salem Witch Trials Agenda:

We distinguish between note-taking and note-making. Note taking is a is a passive process which is done at lectures Whereas note-making is more active and focused activity where you synthesize all information and make sense of it for yourself. Note-Taking vs. Note-Making :

- Give yourself plenty of space. - Label, number and date all your notes. - Develop your own system of shorthand and abbreviations - Use color, pictures or diagrams to make notes more visual. - Keep your own thoughts separate – this ensures that you don t mistake your own idea for that of the lecturers. - Use a lost signal – when you find yourself lost in a lecture, make a note of it using a specific symbol and leave space to fill in this later. - Write legibly Note-Taking Tips :

Once you have taken down notes in lectures, the learning process is not complete. The next step is the note-making process. 1) Read through your lecture notes. 2) Underline headings and subheadings. 3) Correct spelling mistakes and rewrite illegible portions. 4) Fill in any gaps. 5) Underline or highlight important sentences or paragraphs. 6) Make sure you understand the concepts. 70 If you use the Cornell system, fill in the key words in the left- hand column and complete a summary of your notes. Note-Making Process :

Early Puritanism and The Salem Witch Trials of 1692

Who Were the Early Puritans? “Puritan” is a word used to describe a number of Protestant groups of the 16 th and 17 th centuries. They first arrived in America in Puritans fled to the New World from England to avoid religious persecution. Puritans believed in simple forms of worship and a humble way of life. The word “puritanical” means “marked by stern morality.”

The Puritan Legacy: Puritans contributed to the American character through their moral, ethical, and religious convictions. Harvard College was established by the Puritan culture, one example of their great value of education. They penned the Mayflower Compact, upon which our Constitution is based.

Primary Puritan Influences: Martin Luther ( ) A German theologian who attacked the corruption in the Catholic Church with the publication of his 95 thesis. Believed that all people were innately endowed with grace through God. Argued that no pope or bishop had any God-given right over the souls of men.

John Calvin ( ) Believed that the downfall of mankind was directly related to the corruption resulting from the fall of Adam and Eve. Believed that God’s forgiveness is limited to a select group of followers (LIMITED ATONEMENT). Believed THAT God’s forgiveness could neither be earned nor denied (IRRESTIBLE GRACE). Felt that God’s chosen remain in a state of grace while on earth and are taken directly to heaven when dead (PERSEVERANCE OF SAINTS). Primary Puritan Influences:

Puritan Beliefs: Puritans believed in the simple worship and church organization described in the New Testament. They valued self-reliance, industriousness, temperance and simplicity. They believed the Bible to be the literal word of God. They examined their inner and outer lives, as their beliefs dictated they should.

Predestination: The Puritans believed that most of humanity was damned (the “unregenerate”), and that only a select number of people would gain eternal salvation (the “elect”). Determining whether an individual was part of the “elect” was a difficult and uncertain endeavor. No one could be sure whether s/he was in God’s good graces, even with saintly behavior. *Belief in Jesus was not enough! *Participation in sacraments was not enough! Neither of the above could effect salvation! Puritan Beliefs:

JUSTIFICATION: The gift of God’s grace to the elect (those “CHOSEN” for salvation). SANCTIFICATION: The behavior that resulted in an individual when they had been saved. Evidence of salvation, but did not cause it!!!! Puritan Beliefs:

Covenants of Puritan Thought: The Covenant of Works – God promised and his progeny eternal life if they obeyed moral law. After Adam broke this covenant, God made a new covenant with Abraham. Puritans believed they were direct descendants of Abraham. Puritan Beliefs:

Covenants of Puritan Thought: The Covenant of Grace – This requires an active faith and “softens” the doctrine of predestination. God still chooses the elect but there is now a sort of “contract” or understanding. Punishment for sin is a proper response to disobedience. Puritan Beliefs:

Covenants of Puritan Thought: The Covenant of Redemption – The pre-existence of the aforementioned covenant. Christ bound God to accept him as man’s representative. If Christ paid the price for the redemption of believers, his followers would be washed of their sins. Puritan Beliefs:

Puritan Politics: The Puritans of the New World lived under a theocracy, or a system of government in which the church and state are closely linked and religious law is man’s law. In such communities, the religious leader was also a civic leader, and the spiritual as well as social well- being of the community was the responsibility of the leader.

Government by Contract: Puritans believed that people should enter into governmental contracts freely, as exhibited in the Mayflower Compact. Members of “the elect” were expected to exert great influence on the government, which resulted in undemocratic political views. Puritan Politics:

Puritanical Laws and Punishments: The laws and restrictions of the Puritans are known as some of the harshest in early American colonization and were administered through religion. A person was fined, imprisoned, and whipped for non-attendance at church services! People were dealt with more harshly if they spoke against religion or denied the divine origin of any book from the Bible.

Women were not allowed to wear lace or have clothes that showed skin! EXCEPTION – Slashes in the wrists and one in the back Long hair worn by men, smoking in public, or showing P.D.A. was unacceptable!! Puritanical Laws and Punishments:

Youths were not allowed to court one another in public and needed the consent of the girl’s parents to court period! Children were often found crying in fear they would go to hell and not be chosen as the elect! Crying was done privately as children were punished for doing so in public!!!!!! Puritanical Laws and Punishments:

Puritan Women: Puritan women held little power or influence in their communities, particularly unmarried women. Women were not allowed to own property. While its actual practice was unusual, husbands were allowed to punish or publicly humiliate their wives for infractions such as insubordination.

Puritan Literature ( ) Content: Obviously the content was religious and included such themes/ideas Life is a “test”: winners go to Heaven, losers go to hell! Earth is a battlefield between God and Satan American is a holy “promised land” where Puritans will create Heaven on Earth, a Christian utopia!

Literary Genres: sermons and religious tracts diaries histories personal narratives religious poems Puritan Literature ( )

Effect: There was very little, if any, imaginative literature produced. - If such lit. was produced it was for personal satisfaction and not to be published. Historical Context: Puritans were highly educated and literate (many had university degrees), mainly to understand scripture! Puritan Literature ( )

The Puritan Reputation: Today, many Americans associate Puritan culture with superstition, intolerance and inflexible moral codes. The word “puritanical” means “marked by stern morality.”