Enhancing the learning content through the aggregation of social data. Frans Van Assche University of Leuven President of the ARIADNE Foundation

Paradata What users say about a resource; example: a rating of a Learning Object What users do with a resource: Usage Data; example a user edits metadata

The Experience API (xAPI) Property id actor verb object result context timestamp stored authority version attachments Type UUID Object Date/Time Object Version Array of attachment Objects

xAPI example { "id": " ", "actor": { "mbox": }, "verb": { "id": " "display": { "en-US": "created" } }, "object": { "id": " }

Contextualized Attention Metadata (CAM)

xAPI example { "event": { "name": "name", "datetime": " :49:21", "eventRelatedentityRelations": [{ "eventRelatedentityId": { "relatedentity": { "name": "name1", "type":"type1", "reference": "reference1", "mimetype": "mimetype1", "metadata": [{ "metadataHash": "METADATA HASHED IN SHA-512", "metadata": "metadata1", "metadataType": "metadataType1", "metadataBinding": "metadataBinding1" }] }, "role": "role1" } },{ "eventRelatedentityId": { "relatedentity": {... }, "role": "role2" } }], "sessions": [{ "sessionId": "sessionId", "domain": "domain", "ipAddress": "ipAddress" }] } }

JSON Activity Streams Property actor content generator icon id object published provider target title updated url verb Type Object JSON [RFC4627] String Object Media Link JSON [RFC4627] String Object [RFC3339] date-time Object JSON [RFC4627] String [RFC3339] date-time JSON [RFC4627] String

xAPI example { "published": " T15:04:55Z", "actor": { "url": " "objectType" : "person", "id": "tag:example.org,2011:martin", "image": { "url": " "width": 250, "height": 250 }, "displayName": "Martin Smith" }, "verb": "post", "object" : { "url": " "id": "tag:example.org,2011:abc123/xyz" }, "target" : { "url": " "objectType": "blog", "id": "tag:example.org,2011:abc123", "displayName": "Martin's Blog" }

iTEC Usage Data Property Id Actor Verb Object Result Timestamp Stored Version ipAddress sessionId Type ID (iTEC) Character String ID (iTEC) Object Date/Time Character String URI Identifier

iTEC Example { "id": " "actor": " "verb": "edit", "object": " "result": "ok", "stored": " T14:10:05.123", "version": "1.0", "ipAddress": " "sessionId": "85C69908F30B01C09E47D8698B75AEEE" }

Recommended JSON Binding Practice WHY Make it easier to build front-ends On top of multiple back ends − Interoperability This is an invitation to technical people for collaboration

Recommended JSON Binding Practice WHAT Element names Identifiers Date/Time & Period LangString VocabularyTerm Vocabularies

Element names Display_Name display_name display-name displayName Camel case Starting with lower case

Identifier Scheme UUID or GUID – Good to know RFC See Example f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf

Date/Time & Duration Based on ISO or Example T14:10:05.123Z YYYY[-MM[-DD[Thh[:mm[:ss[.s[TZD]]]]]]] where: YYYY = four-digit year MM = two-digit month DD = two-digit day of month hh = two digits of hour (00 through 23) mm = two digits of minute (00 through 59) ss = two digits of second (00 through 59) s = one or more digits representing a decimal fraction of a second TZD = time zone designator ("Z" for UTC or +hh:mm or -hh:mm) Example Duration: P1Y3M5DT7H10M3.3S

LangString "description": [ { "lang": "en", "text": "This learning object..." }, { "lang": "nl", "text": "Dit leerobject... " } ] "description": [ { "en": "This learning object..." }, { "nl": "Dit leerobject... " } ]

Vocabulary Term "subjects": [ "508", "974" ], "categories": [ "expert", "teacher" ] A simple Token or identifier

{ "subjects": [ { "id": 508, "langString": [ { "en": "foreign language" }, { "nl": "Vreemde talen" } ] }, { "id": 974, "langString": [ { "en": "physical education" }, { "nl": "Lichamelijke opvoeding" } ] } ] } Extended

{ "subjects": [ { "id": 508, "source": " "langString": [ { "en": "foreign language" }, { "nl": "Vreemde talen" } ] }, { "id": 974, "source": " "langString": [ { "en": "physical education" }, { "nl": "Lichamelijke opvoeding" } ] } ] } Complete

Vocabulary Term "subjects": [ "508", "974" ], "categories": [ "expert", "teacher" ] Full Vocabulary needed

Enhancing the learning content through the aggregation of social data. GRNET and Ariadne Nikos Manolis

Open Discovery Space − A large-scale pilot project that tries to increase the adoption of digital learning resources by European schools − An infrastructure to allow existing learning portals and repositories to be connected

What is Social Data? Any information on the Web that describes a Web resource (identified by a URI) from the perspective of an individual user or an aggregated group of users Provide subjective interactive statements on artifacts

Social Data types  Ratings  Tags  Comments  Bookmarks  Sharings

The need for aggregating An important information source to provide additional and more personalized access to learning objects Provide the opportunity to filter and recommend tailored information to a target user based on their social data profile

Developing a Social Data Management Layer Method : − A questionnaire was circulated among data providers − Cross analysis of the questionnaire results − Analysis of the various social data exposure protocols and interfaces − Social Data schema definition (existing efforts from Organic Edunet, LRE and NSDL )

ODS basis schemata Nr. Social metadata requirements CAM OrganicEdunet format Learning RegistryNSDL 1Rate++++ 2Tag++++ 3Bookmark++++ 4Share (FB, twitter, )+-++ 5share count++-+ 6Comment++++ 7Join groups Posts (discussion, blog, etc.) +- + (Google discussion) - 9following/followers+-+- Social data sum (+)9586

ODS Social Data schema

Technological Background An extended version of Ariadne Harvester is used for harvesting social data − Internal validation mechanism according to the Social Data schema validation An extended version of Ariadne Repository is used for already harvested social data management − OAI-PMH endpoint for social data exposure − Social Data are also exposed in JSON format using an extended version of the built-in RESTP API

Architecture.

Some indicative numbers ProviderTagsCommentsRatingsBookmarksSharingsPostsTotal Mace Organic Edunet Sum

Next Steps Harvest from more providers Expose social data as Linked Data. Connect LO Metadata with harvested Social Data. Integrate harvested social data to Portal. − Recommender subsystem. − Search subsystem.

Thank you!