© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 1 Version 4.0 Routing with a Distance Vector Protocol in an Enterprise Network Introducing Routing and Switching in the Enterprise – Chapter 5

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 2 Objectives  Compare and contrast a flat network and a hierarchical routed topology.  Configure a network using RIP.  Describe and plan a network using EIGRP.  Design and configure a network using EIGRP.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 3 Compare and Contrast a Flat Network and a Hierarchical Routed Topology  Enterprise hierarchy  Combination of LAN and WAN technologies  DMZ

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 4 Discussion  The headline reads "Cisco Saves $2.4 million with redesigned India WAN."² Cisco struggled with keeping their India sites connected not only with other offices in India, but also with other Cisco branch offices in the Asia Pacific region and with the United States.  Cisco’s own analysis pointed out that "Although traffic was light, connections were overwhelmed, performance was poor, and service outages were frequent... Sometimes all circuits would fail, isolating India from the rest of Cisco."³

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 5 Cisco India network  Take a look at the old network design.  How did the design of this network result in India becoming isolated when the circuits failed?

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 6 Compare and Contrast a Flat Network and a Hierarchical Routed Topology  Traffic control  Redundant links  QoS  Packet filtering

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 7 Compare and Contrast a Flat Network and a Hierarchical Routed Topology  Star and extended star topologies  Mesh topologies Partial mesh Full mesh

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 8 Compare and Contrast a Flat Network and a Hierarchical Routed Topology  Building the routing table Exit interface Next hop Administrative distance

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 9 Compare and Contrast a Flat Network and a Hierarchical Routed Topology  Directly connected routes  Static routes  Dynamic routes

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 10 Compare and Contrast a Flat Network and a Hierarchical Routed Topology  Advantages of static routing Stub networks Security Lower overhead

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 11 Compare and Contrast a Flat Network and a Hierarchical Routed Topology  Static route configuration

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 12 Compare and Contrast a Flat Network and a Hierarchical Routed Topology  Summary static routes  Floating static routes

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 13 Compare and Contrast a Flat Network and a Hierarchical Routed Topology  Default routes  Gateway of Last Resort

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 14 Routing Using the RIP Protocol  Characteristics of distance vector protocols  Hop count metric  Advantages and disadvantages

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 15 Configuring RIP Protocol  Characteristics of distance vector protocols  Hop count metric  Advantages and disadvantages

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 16 Routing Using the RIP Protocol  Characteristics of RIPv1 Automatically summarizes at classful boundary Broadcasts routing updates every 30 seconds

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 17 Routing Using the RIP Protocol  Characteristics of RIPv2 Classless Multicasts updates Provides authentication mechanism

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 18 Routing Using the RIP Protocol  RIPv2 configuration Basic commands Authentication Default route redistribution

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 19 Routing Using the RIP Protocol Problem Discontiguous subnets Unnecessary traffic Routing loops Solution No auto-summary Passive-interface Poisoned reverse, split horizon, holddown timer, triggered updates Problems with RIP and their solutions:

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 20  Verification commands  Troubleshooting commands  Ping for end-to-end connectivity Routing Using the RIP Protocol

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 21 Describe and Plan a Network Using EIGRP  Disadvantages of distance vector routing protocols

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 22 Describe and Plan a Network Using EIGRP  Compare EIGRP and RIP

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 23 Describe and Plan a Network Using EIGRP  Characteristics of EIGRP Composite metric Guaranteed loop-free operation Bounded updates Hello packets

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 24 Describe and Plan a Network Using EIGRP  Neighbor table  Topology table  Routing table

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 25 Describe and Plan a Network Using EIGRP  Successors and feasible successors  External routes

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 26 Describe and Plan a Network Using EIGRP  EIGRP neighbors and adjacencies  Hello protocol  EIGRP packet types

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 27 Describe and Plan a Network Using EIGRP  RTP: Reliable Transport Protocol  PDM: Protocol Dependent Module

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 28 Describe and Plan a Network Using EIGRP  EIGRP metrics and convergence  K values  Feasible and reported distance

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 29 Design and Configure a Network Using EIGRP  Basic EIGRP configuration  Wildcard masks  Logging neighbor changes  Bandwidth  Load balancing

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 30 Design and Configure a Network Using EIGRP  EIGRP summarization  Parent and child routes  Null0 interface  Manual summarization

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 31 Design and Configure a Network Using EIGRP  Verification commands  Troubleshooting commands

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 32 Design and Configure a Network Using EIGRP  EIGRP issues and limitations

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 33 Summary  Enterprise networks are hierarchical  Networks use static and dynamic routing to move information  Dynamic routing protocols are classified as either distance vector or link state  RIP is a distance vector routing protocol  EIGRP is a Cisco proprietary distance vector routing protocol with many advanced features  EIGRP works best if its default features are modified to suit the routing situation

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 34