Athropods “arthros”“pod” “jointed” “foot”

Reigners and rulers of the world 4 make up over three quarters of the animal kingdom

Exoskeleton 4 chitinous exoskeleton (a cuticle secreted by underlying epidermis that contains chitin) chitin is a polysacchride also found in the cell walls of fungi 4 the exoskeleton serves as an armor to protect the soft body of the insect, as well as to aid in mobility 4 this outside skeleton must be shed periodically as the athropod grow the shedding is called “ecdysis”

Paired Jointed Appendages 4 Jointed appendanges 4 well developed sense organs

Metamorphosis 4 growth accompanied by ecdysis (molting) of the exoskeleton, can become 33% larger than before the shed 4 Can grow by complete or incomplete metamorphosis Complete Metamorphosis Incomplete Metamorphosis

Open Circulatory System 4 open circulatory system that contains the blood (hemolymph)

Reproduction 4 sexes are separate (dioecious) 4 parthenogenesis occurs in some species (such as bees, wasps and termites)

Crustaceans 4 two pairs of antennae 4 pair of mandibles, 4 pair of compound eyes (usually on stalks) 4 two pair of maxillae on their heads, followed by a pair of appendages on each body segment The appendages are primitively branched (biramous), and although this condition is modified in many species, adults always have at least some biramous appendages. 4 Crustaceans respire via gills.

Arachnids 4 4 pairs of walking legs 4 “pedipalps” or “foot feelers” 4 feeding appendages called chelicerae 4 mostly predators and parasites

Diplopods 4 2 pairs of legs per segment 4 Round 4 superficially segmented body 4 herbivore/scavenger 4 secretes acid at posterior end

Chilopods 4 1 pair of legs per segment 4 Flat 4 segmented body 4 Has posterior poison gland and anterior jaws 4 carnivores

Merostomata 4 large shield that covers the cephalothorax. 4 compound eyes are reduced. 4 second pair of appendages, the pedipalps, resemble walking legs. 4 They have a long, spike-like appendage called a telson that projects from the rear of their bodies. 4 Respiration is via book gills.

Entomology--> the study of Insects 4 Insects are the most numerous form of animal life on the planet. Close to 80% of all animal species humans have described are insects. There are over 300,000 known species of beetles -- just one type of insect 4 Body Plan head (antennae, compound eyes, feeding appendages) thorax (wings, 6 legs) abdomen (ovipositor)

Insect Classification 4 Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Odonata 4 Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids) Orthoptera 4 Isoptera (termites) Isoptera 4 Hemiptera (true bugs,cicadas, aphids, scale insects) Hemiptera 4 Dictyoptera (roaches, mantids) Dictyoptera 4 Coleoptera (beetles) Coleoptera 4 Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) Lepidoptera 4 Diptera (flies) Diptera 4 Siphonaptera (fleas) Siphonaptera 4 Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps) Hymenoptera

Harmful Insects 4 Pests, vectors of pathogens, crop eaters, sting, bite

Beneficial Insects 4 Pollination, honey, silk, food (entomophagy), biological control, designer genes

References 4 The Wonderful World of Insects : 4 University of Kentucky “Bug Food” od/bugfood.htm 4 MiniBeast Museum: 4 Arthropoda Lesson: chap14/arthropod.htmlwww.kent.wednet.edu/.../sci_class/ chap14/arthropod.html