The Circulatory System by Arnaud V and Chaden L

Aorta The Left Atrium The Right Atrium The Left Ventricle The Right Ventricle Epicardium, Pericardium, Endocardium Atrioventricular Valves Semilunar Valves The Heart

General Info: The heart has 4 hollow chamber: 2 atria and 2 ventricles Each chamber is lined with endocardium Atria: Are primarily receiving chambers Blood enters the atria under low pressure and flows down to the ventricles Ventricles: Are primarily discharging chambers Pump the blood out of the heart and into circulation Atria and Ventricles

There are two sets of valves: The Atrioventricular Valves (AV) and Semilunar Valves Atrioventricular Valves Located between the atrial and ventricular chambers Left AV valve is the Bicuspid valve (Also called the Mitral Valve) Right AV valve is the Tricuspid valve Semilunar Valves Guard the base of the 2 large arteries leaving the heart Called the Pulmonary Valve and Aortic Semilunar Valve The Four Valves

____A____ ____B____ ____C____ ____D____ ____E____ Epicardium, Pericardium, Endocardium Atrioventricular Valves Semilunar Valves Heart Diagram Practice

Pulmonary Circuit Pulmonary Arteries Pulmonary Veins Venae Cavae Aorta and Branches Blue = Oxygen poor Red = Oxygen rich The Circulatory System

Pulmonary Circuit From right side of heart to the lungs and back to the left side Carries blood to the lungs for gas exchange and then returns it to the heart Systemic Circuit From the left side of heart through body tissues and back to the right side Supplies all oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to all body organs Left ventricle walls are substantially thicker than right ventricle because the blood needs to be pumped so much farther, it is also a much stronger pump Pulmonary/Systemic Circuits

Coronary Arteries : An artery supplying blood to the heart. Coronary Sinus: A wide venous channel about 2.25 centimeters in length that receives blood from the coronary veins and empties into the right atrium of the heart. Cardiac Veins Cardiac veins contain valves preventing back flow; a Thebesian valve may or may not cover the ostium of the coronary sinus. Cardiac Circulation

Angina Pectoris Crushing chest pain Caused because myocardium is deprived of oxygen Should never be ignored, can lead to myocardial infarction Myocardial Infarction Commonly known as a "heart attack" Occurs when an angina is prolonged/ignored The ischemic heart cells die, forming an infarct Problems in the Circulatory System