Why consider Biodiesel? No vehicle alterations. No infrastructure changes. No specialized training for mechanics or drivers. No additional parts for inventory. No concern with engine warranties.

What are the fleet advantages? No concern with fuel availability for long trips. No concern with fuel availability for long trips. It qualifies for EPACT. It qualifies for EPACT. Substantially reduces carbon emissions. Substantially reduces carbon emissions. Substantially reduces the fuel odors. Substantially reduces the fuel odors. Soy oils have a very high lubricity rating. Soy oils have a very high lubricity rating.

What are some concerns with its use? Recommend the fuel filters be changed after the first few tanks of usage. High cleansing affect. Recommend the fuel filters be changed after the first few tanks of usage. High cleansing affect. There is potential of gelling in severe cold weather. Using additives solves this problem. There is potential of gelling in severe cold weather. Using additives solves this problem. 100% Biodiesel usage may require changing fuel lines to a special recommended hose line. 100% Biodiesel usage may require changing fuel lines to a special recommended hose line.

What’s the bottom line? Cost Effective: It can be used in your present infrastructure and your present fleet. Flexibility: You can use your vehicles as if they were bi-fueled. Cost Effective: It can be used in your present infrastructure and your present fleet. Flexibility: You can use your vehicles as if they were bi-fueled. EPACT compliant. EPACT compliant. Reliability: Manufacturer approved and has good engine performance. Cleaner and Renewable: Reduced toxic emissions and minimizes black smoke and fuel odor. Reliability: Manufacturer approved and has good engine performance. Cleaner and Renewable: Reduced toxic emissions and minimizes black smoke and fuel odor.

BIODIESEL EMISSIONS COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL DIESEL Emission Type B100B20 Regulated Total Unburned Hydrocarbons -93%-30% Carbon Monoxide -50%-20% Particulate Matter -30%-22% NOx+13%+2% Non-Regulated Sulfates-100%-20%* PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)** -80%-13% nPAH (nitrated PAH’s)** -90%-50%*** Ozone potential of speciated HC -50%-10% * Estimated from B100 result ** Average reduction across all compounds measured *** 2-nitroflourine results were within test method variability

Vehicles that operate on 20 percent blends of biodiesel blended with 80 percent conventional diesel (B20) will, on average, displace more than twice as much petroleum as conventional light-duty passenger vehicles already covered under the Energy Policy Act (EPACT). Vehicles that operate on 20 percent blends of biodiesel blended with 80 percent conventional diesel (B20) will, on average, displace more than twice as much petroleum as conventional light-duty passenger vehicles already covered under the Energy Policy Act (EPACT). Vehicle/Fleet TypeVMTMPGTotal Fuel Use Percent (%) Petroleum Displaced by Alt. Fuel Total Gallons Petroleum Displaced by Alt. Fuel Light-Duty Passenger Vehicle (E85) Gal.85%283 Gal. Light-Duty Truck (B20) Gal.20%205 Gal. Medium-Duty Truck (B20) Gal.20%410 Gal. Heavy-Duty Truck (B20) Gal.20%547 Gal. School Bus (B20) Gal.20%200 Gal. Transit Bus (B20) Gal.20%1660 Gal. VMT = Vehicle Miles Traveled MPG = Miles Per Gallon

Recent achievement of three major long-term objectives. Because of the following 3 long-term achievements, biodiesel has become one of the fastest (if not the fastest) growing alternative fuels in the country. Recent achievement of three major long-term objectives. Because of the following 3 long-term achievements, biodiesel has become one of the fastest (if not the fastest) growing alternative fuels in the country. Health Effects: In May 2000, biodiesel became the only alternative fuel in the country to have successfully completed the EPA’s Tier I and Tier II Health Effects testing under Section 211(b) of the Clean Air Act. The Tier I testing conclusively demonstrated biodiesel’s significant reductions in most currently regulated emissions as well as most unregulated emissions—especially those associated with cancer and lung disease. Tier II testing demonstrated biodiesel’s non-toxic effect on health. Health Effects: In May 2000, biodiesel became the only alternative fuel in the country to have successfully completed the EPA’s Tier I and Tier II Health Effects testing under Section 211(b) of the Clean Air Act. The Tier I testing conclusively demonstrated biodiesel’s significant reductions in most currently regulated emissions as well as most unregulated emissions—especially those associated with cancer and lung disease. Tier II testing demonstrated biodiesel’s non-toxic effect on health. EPACT: Effective November 1998, B20, a blend of 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel, was approved by Congress as an EPAct (Energy Policy Act of 1992) compliance strategy. The legislation allowed EPAct fleets to meet their alternative fuel vehicle purchase requirements simply by buying 450 gallons of pure biodiesel and burning it in new or existing diesel vehicles in at least a 20% blend with diesel fuel. The Congressional Budget Office and the Department of Defence have confirmed that the biodiesel option is the lowest cost alternative fuel option for meeting the Federal Government’s EPACT compliance requirements. EPACT: Effective November 1998, B20, a blend of 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel, was approved by Congress as an EPAct (Energy Policy Act of 1992) compliance strategy. The legislation allowed EPAct fleets to meet their alternative fuel vehicle purchase requirements simply by buying 450 gallons of pure biodiesel and burning it in new or existing diesel vehicles in at least a 20% blend with diesel fuel. The Congressional Budget Office and the Department of Defence have confirmed that the biodiesel option is the lowest cost alternative fuel option for meeting the Federal Government’s EPACT compliance requirements. ASTM: In December 1998, the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) issued a provisional specification (PS 121) for biodiesel fuel. ASTM is the premier standard-setting organization for fuels and additives in the U.S. The EPA has adopted the ASTM standard and state divisions of weights and measures currently are considering its adoption. This development was crucial in standardizing fuel quality for biodiesel in the U.S. market. ASTM: In December 1998, the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) issued a provisional specification (PS 121) for biodiesel fuel. ASTM is the premier standard-setting organization for fuels and additives in the U.S. The EPA has adopted the ASTM standard and state divisions of weights and measures currently are considering its adoption. This development was crucial in standardizing fuel quality for biodiesel in the U.S. market.

Performance Operationally, biodiesel performs very similar to low sulfur diesel in terms of power, torque, and fuel without major modification of engines or infrastructure. Operationally, biodiesel performs very similar to low sulfur diesel in terms of power, torque, and fuel without major modification of engines or infrastructure. Biodiesel provides significant lubricity (Cetane) improvement over petroleum diesel fuel thus increasing engine life. Biodiesel provides significant lubricity (Cetane) improvement over petroleum diesel fuel thus increasing engine life. Compatibility of biodiesel with engine components. Compatibility of biodiesel with engine components.

QUESTIONS/COMMENTS?