UNIT III ADJECTIVES An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying. An adjective is placed before a noun which it modifies. A noun, pronoun, participle phrase, and articles (the, a, an) can also act as an adjective.

The kinds of adjectives are: Examples 1. Possessive Adjective My, his, her, your, our, etc 2. Demonstrative Adjective This, that, these, those, etc 3. Indefinite Adjective Any, many , some, several, etc 4. Interrogative Adjective Which, what, whose, etc 5. Present participle Adjectives Walking, reading, cooking, etc 6. Past participle Adjectives Written, polished, painted 7. Adjective of Quality Good, red, tall, stupid, etc.

1. Possessive Adjective They are: my, your, his, her, its, our, or their. In this case it has the same function as possessive pronoun. Examples: a. Her new program is ‘stolen’ by a new programmer in her office. b. Your friend seems very nice. c. There are many students who show their English ability.

2. Demonstrative Adjectives The demonstrative adjective is similar with demonstrative pronoun. They are: this, these, that, and those. Examples: My father bought this house two years ago. 2. Those books are yours, while these pens are hers. 3. Do you recognize that charming girl?

3. Interrogative Adjectives An interrogative adjective (which, what, whose) is similar with interrogative pronoun. Examples: a. Which T-shirt do you want to buy? b. What colour do you want to paint your house? c. Whose umbrella is this?

4. Indefinite Adjectives Indefinite adjective is the same with indefinite pronoun. They are: any, many, some, few, all, and several. Examples: He has many books of computer programming system. b. There are few deer in my father house. c. I hope all students get A score for English subject.

5. Present Participle Present participle can be placed before a noun or between two nouns. Examples: waiting room writing book walking stick a new reading book a factory producing cars a man watching television.

6. Past participle Past Participle is placed before a noun . Examples: polished chairs written law painted table

7.Adjective of Quality My sister plants several red rose flowers in her garden. A good dictionary contains a complete description. His house is surrounded with tall trees. Los Angeles is a big city.

The usage of Much, many, little, few, a lot of, plenty Much n little followed by uncountable nouns. Exp: Much time, much luck, much money much ink much rice little energy, little money Many and few with plural nouns. Exp: Many friend many people many books few cars, few countries.

Degrees of Comparison Regular Adjectives Positive Comparative Superlative One syllable + er + est Big Tall Clean Cold High Low Weak Bigger Taller Cleaner Colder Higher Lower Weaker Biggest Tallest Cleanest Coldest Highest Lowest Weakest

Two syllables + er +est more + most + Nice Busy Pretty Funny Easy Lazy Wide Correct Complete Careful Modern Nicer Busier Prettier Funnier Easier Lazier Wider Nicest Busiest Prettiest Funniest Easiest Laziest Widest more + most + more correct more complete more careful more modern most correct most complete most careful most modern

3/more syllables more+ most + Difficult Expensive Beautiful Handsome Important More difficult More expensive More beautiful More handsome More important Most difficult Most expensive Most beautiful Most handsome Most important

Irregular Adjectives Positive Comparative Superlative Good Well Bad Ill Much Many Little Small Old Late Far Better Worse More Less Smaller Elder Latter Farther Further Best Worst Most Least Smallest Eldest Latest Farthest Furthest

Notes: We use the form ‘as…as’, ‘not…as’, or ‘not so…as’ to compare two persons/things are equal. We use the comparative with ‘than’ to compare two unequal persons or things. We use the superlative with ‘the…of’ or ‘the…in’ to compare three or more persons or things. The prepositional phrase can be inverted. The is used twice, once before each comparative. Like and alike have the same meanings but are used differently. a. Alike follows the entities being compared. b. Like is used at the beginning of the comparison or between the two entities being compared.

She is as tall as her sister. I can run as fast as you. We use the form ‘as…as’, ‘not…as’, or ‘not so…as’ to compare two persons/things are equal. Examples: She is as tall as her sister. I can run as fast as you. Dodyk’s score is not as good as Bagus’. His house is not as large as his brother’s. He is not so handsome as he thinks. Bill is not so smart as Wendy.

Detric is more beautiful than Dotic. 2.We use the comparative with ‘than’ to compare two unequal persons or things. Examples: Detric is more beautiful than Dotic. Heavy’s face is brighter than BCL. Afgan sings more sweetly than Rafly. Rommel is heavier than Vaundra.

This is the most interesting of the three books. 3. We use the superlative with ‘the…of’ or ‘the…in’ to compare three or more persons or things. This is the most interesting of the three books. The hall is the largest room in Blue building. Goris is the oldest in his class. Is Tokyo the biggest city in the world?

4. The prepositional phrase can be inverted. Examples: Of all the months, August is the hottest. Of the three brothers, Peter is the quietest. Of all the students in this class, Teddy did the homework.

5. The is used twice, once before each comparative. Examples: I’ll come as early as possible. The sooner the better. b. Ann complains a lot. The more she complains the less people listen.

5 a. Alike follows the entities being compared. Example: Jane and her sister dressed alike. My mother and my aunt are alike in many ways. The two words hour and our are pronounced alike. The two girls look much alike.

Like her sister Jane wears jeans all the time. 5 b. Like is used at the beginning of the comparison or between the two entities being compared. Examples: Like her sister Jane wears jeans all the time. Tammy dresses like her sister. Final examination like middle test is created by the teacher.

The position of adjectives usually, an adjective is placed before the noun it describes, e.g. red dress, clever boy. An adjective also comes after the word described when: a. It is after the verb ‘to be’. The moon was bright. b. It is after the words like,’seem’, ‘appear’, ‘look’, ‘grow’, ‘become’ e.g. He looks annoyed. She seems tired. c. It is followed by a descriptive phrase, usually with a preposition, e.g. We bought a vase designed with dragons. The man was accused of murder.