Structure and Bonding in Organic Chemistry Electron Configurations Lewis Dot Structures Hybridization Orbital depictions.

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Presentation transcript:

Structure and Bonding in Organic Chemistry Electron Configurations Lewis Dot Structures Hybridization Orbital depictions

Organic Chemist’s Periodic Table

Molecular Model of Aspirin

Nucleus is a Tiny Fraction of the Volume of an Atom

Orbitals are Probabilities

Electron Configurations

Ground State Electron Configurations

The p Orbital

p x, p y, p z

Bonding in H 2 Sigma (  Bond

Energy Released When Bond Forms

Drawing Structures

Octane Representations

Condensed Formulas

Line-Angle Structures are Often Used as a Short-hand

Line-Angle Structures

Line-Angle structure Superimposed on Lewis Structure

Double Bonds are Shown

For Cyclic Structures, Draw the Corresponding Polygon

Drawing Clear Structures

Structures take Cues from Models

Some Steroids

Benzene can be drawn as one of two resonance structures

Some Line-Angle Structures

Bonding Characteristics of Period 2 Elements

“Saturated” with Hydrogen

A Model of a Saturated Hydrocarbon

Electron Configuration of Carbon

In Ground State 2 bonding sites, 1 lone pair The ground state configuration cannot account for the bonding in CH 4 !

Lewis Dot Structure of Methane

sp 3 Hybridization 4 Regions of electron Density

Hybridization of 1 s and 3 p Orbitals – sp 3

sp 3 is Tetrahedral Geometry Methane

Tetrahedral Geometry

Methane Representations

Orbital Depiction of Ethane, C 2 H 6, the  bond

Depictions of 2-Methylbutane

Ammonia Tetrahedral Geometry Pyramidal Shape

All Have the Same Geometry All Have 4 Regions of Electron Density

sp 2 Hybridization 3 Regions of Electron Density

Hybridization of 1 s and 2 p Orbitals – sp 2

An sp 2 Hybridized Atom

The  bond Overlap of 2 parallel p Orbitals

Ethylene CH 2 =CH 2

Views of Ethylene, C 2 H 4

Ethylene

Formaldehyde

sp Hybridization 2 Regions of Electron Density

The sp Orbital

Acetylene, C 2 H 2, 1  bond 2 perpendicular  bonds

Consider the structure of Ibuprofen: a.In your notebook, indicate which atoms are sp 3 -hybridized, sp 2, sp. b.What is the molecular formula?

Draw the Lewis structure and identify the hybridization of the central atoms. a.C 3 H 4 b.Carbon dioxide c.CH 3 + d.NH 4 +