1 Welcome to Biology 101 Human Anatomy & Physiology I A tour through the Visible Human (National Library of Medicine)… Please be sure you pick up handouts for YOUR section, and initial the attendance sheet! You should initial the attendance sheet each time you come to lecture.

2 General Information Who am I? –Greg Erianne, Ph.D. –Office SH 205 – - CCM: –Telephone; (voice mail)

3 Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation Lecture 1 Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Ninth Edition Marieb  Hoehn

4 Emergency Evacuation Procedures Emergency evacuation may be required when there is an actual or potential danger to the occupants of any building as a result of fire or other emergency situation. When a fire alarm is sounded, all occupants must leave the building(s) via the nearest exit and proceed immediately to the designated staging area and remain 50 feet from any building. Fire Marshals will direct the evacuation. All walkways and roads must remain clear for emergency vehicles. Take all belongings with you. You will remain there until the all clear is sounded, or a Fire Marshal directs you to a remote staging area. Evacuation of physically disabled individuals will be assisted or coordinated by the faculty at the site. DO NOT USE ELEVATORS DURING THE EVACUATION PROCESS. The evacuation staging area for this classroom or laboratory is: SH 100 Classroom - Exit classroom double doors, turn left down corridor then right –Primary: Lawn above HH stairs –Secondary: Parking lot 5

5 Rules of Engagement for the Summer Don’t miss a class. Missing one class is the equivalent of missing at least ONE WEEK Focus your efforts on the study guides –Don’t try to remember everything! Remembering everything is impossible even during a full, 16- week semester If you feel that you are about to explode, do it somewhere else - then come back to us with a smile! Remember that everyone is in the same boat (yes, even me!)

6 Disclaimer Neglect of your: spouse, significant other, children, personal appearance, hygiene, finances, diet, fitness Gluteal pressure ulcers Deterioration of your sex life Wilting of your gardens, grass, or prize roses Lost sleep Mental disease or defect resulting from this course I accept no responsibility for…

7 Course Web Sites Our Web sites for this class are located at: – (Main) Announcements (VERY IMPORTANT TO LOOK AT FREQUENTLY!) Syllabus and all lecture/lab schedules Lecture and Lab slides used in class (ppt and pdf formats) Supplementary online materials for Lecture and Lab Lecture and Lab Exam Study Guides Links to many other sites including McGraw Hill Publisher’s Web site Extra credit assignments – (Blackboard Learn; Secondary) You will need your student ID and password for the Blackboard (BB) site This BB site will be used ONLY grades and grade-related things – (from Pearson Science) You will need the course ID and have to register if you haven’t been to this site before Lots of resources to use for A&P I – take advantage of it! –Printing slides and other materials (see I sent)

8 Overview of Today’s Lecture Course Web sites and Publisher Web site Course Description/Textbook/Lab Book Course Objectives and Syllabus Review Blueprint for success Organization of the Human Body Characteristics of Life Homeostasis Anatomical Terminology Chemistry I (Lectures 2, 3, and 4)

9 Textbook/Laboratory Manual Course Description –Lecture / discussion format Lectures will follow Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9th edition closely –Figures used for class –Laboratory Marieb’s Laboratory Manual, 10 th edition –Reading assignments should be done BEFORE you come to class/lab

10 Major objectives of this course In general, you will… –Master the objectives listed in the Study Guides –Develop a further mastery of scientific/biomedical terminology –Further develop your ability to think logically and critically Let’s review the syllabus, policies, and handouts…

11 Grading for A&P I Lecture 75% Lab 25% Lecture Exam % Take home 3.75% In-class 15.00% Lecture Exam % Lecture Exam % Take home 3.75% In-class 15.00% Final Exam 18.75% TOTAL 75.00% Lab Exam % Lab Exam % Lab Exam % Particip./Attend. 2.50% TOTAL 25.00%

12 Blueprint for Success Most importantly… –Skim your textbook BEFORE lecture and make notes –Take notes in your own words and become mentally involved during lecture; review/rewrite your notes after lecture –Ask questions if you don’t understand –Continually review previously learned material –Use all the study aids available to you –***Before taking the exam, you should be able to take a BLANK study guide and answer all the questions WITHOUT YOUR NOTES!!!! **See the Suggested Study Method on Web gserianne.com Web site – Please review this!!! **Be sure to print slides/materials if you want them for class/lab – make a schedule for yourself

13 Physiology – study of function - Specialized, e.g., neuro-, cellular-, patho- - Comparative physiology Anatomy – study of structure - Gross anatomy – macroscopic (types?) - Cytology (microanatomy) – cells - Histology (microanatomy) – tissues Structure is always related to function; if structure changes, function changes Overview of Anatomy and Physiology What’s this red stuff all about, anyway?

14 How Structure Determines Function Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010

15 Levels of Organization Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010

16 Important Definitions of Organizational Terms Cell – The basic unit of biological structure and function (what is a ‘basic unit’ of something?) Tissues – A group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions Organs – Two or more tissues working in combination to perform several functions Organ System – Interaction of organs functioning closely together

17 Movement – change in position; motion Responsiveness – reaction to a change Growth – increase in size or cell number Respiration – obtaining oxygen; removing carbon dioxide; releasing energy from foods Reproduction – production of new organisms and new cells Characteristics of Life What makes something ‘alive’, or living?

18 Absorption – passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids Circulation – movement of substances in body fluids Assimilation – changing of absorbed substances into different substances Excretion – removal of wastes Digestion – breakdown of food substances Characteristics of Life (cont’d)

19 Water - most abundant substance in body (60-80% of BW) - required for metabolic processes - required for transport - regulates body temperature Food - supplies energy - supplies raw materials to build/replace body components Requirements of Organisms

20 Oxygen - one-fifth of air - used to release energy from nutrients Heat - form of energy - partly controls rate of metabolic reactions Pressure - atmospheric pressure – important for breathing - hydrostatic pressure – keeps blood flowing Requirements of Organisms (cont’d)

21 General Function of Organ Systems A&P IA&P II

22 Organ Systems – Integument and Skeletal Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 Be able to identify the organ systems of the human body and their major components; describe the major functions of each organ system (See Figure 1.3 in Marieb)

23 Organ Systems – Muscular and Nervous Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 Rapidly-acting, short-term control (Skeletal muscle shown)

24 Organ Systems – Endocrine and Cardiovascular Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 Slower-acting, longer-term control (compared to nervous system)

25 Organ Systems – Lymphatic and Respiratory Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

26 Organ Systems – Digestive and Urinary Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

27 Organ Systems – Reproductive Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

28 Body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment **Absence of homeostasis = DISEASE Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes Receptors - provide information about environment Control center - tells what a particular value should be Effectors - causes responses to change internal environment Homeostasis A CRITICAL (and very testable) concept in physiology

29 Homeostasis The 70 trillion cells in our bodies surround themselves with their own environment. This is the environment that must remain stable despite changes outside. Major goal of homeostasis is to keep this consistent (Interstitial fluid) Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010

30 Homeostasis The 70 trillion cells in our bodies surround themselves with their own environment. This is the environment that must remain stable despite changes outside. Major goal of homeostasis is to keep the interstitial fluid consistent (Interstitial fluid)

31 Homeostasis Negative feedback – deviation from set point progressively lessens Positive feedback – deviation from set point gets progressively greater Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010

32 Homeostasis Remember that homeostasis does NOT mean constant! –Continual variations occur in body systems –Gives rise to ‘normal ranges’ (See Appendix B) Examples of negative feedback (most things) –Temperature regulation, blood pressure, blood glucose levels Examples of positive feedback –Blood clotting, milk production, uterine contraction

33 Homeostatic Mechanisms Notice that this occurs in a ONE-WAY circuit. Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010

34 Homeostatic Mechanisms (cont’d) Notice that this occurs in a ONE-WAY circuit. Know the normal temperature of the body Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010

35 Thoracic Membranes Visceral pleura Parietal pleura Visceral pericardium Parietal pericardium Visceral layer – covers an organ Parietal layer – lines a cavity or body wall Abdominopelvic Membranes Visceral peritoneum Parietal peritoneum Serous Membranes Serous fluid – thin, watery, slippery fluid typically separating serous membranes

36 Serous Membranes & Organs of the Thorax Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram; (What system is each organ a part of?) Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010

37 Serous Membranes & Organs of the Abdomen Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram (What system is each organ a part of?) Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12 th edition, 2010

38 Review Anatomy = structure; physiology = function Structure determines function The human body (multicellular organisms) can be organized in increasing levels of complexity –Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system The eleven organ systems of the body function to maintain homeostasis

39 Review Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable (NOT CONSTANT!) internal environment –Requires: receptor(s), control center, and effector(s) –Typically uses a negative feedback mechanism Body cavities are lined by serous membranes –Visceral –Parietal Cross (transverse) sections through the thorax or abdomen can provide lots of information about the relative position of organs within the body cavities. *