D O N OW : How do infections occur in everyday life? List possible ways you can become infected with disease.

D ISEASE T RANSMISSION Part 1: Chapter 3

H OW I NFECTIONS O CCUR Pathogens Microorganism, a disease causing agent They enter the body and sometimes overpower the body’s natural defense and cause illness (infection) Most of the infectious diseases are caused by bacteria and viruses Bacteria & Viruses StaphHIV

H OW ARE THEY SPREAD ??? If they are present If there is enough of the pathogen present to cause the disease If the pathogen passes through the correct entry site The person is susceptible to the pathogen

D IFFERENT T RANSMISSIONS When the infected blood or body fluid from one person enters another person’s body at a correct entry site Ex. Blood splashing in the eye Occurs when a person touches an object that contains the blood or another body fluid of an infect person, and that infected blood or other body fluid enters the body through a correct entry site Direct ContactIndirect Contact

S TOP AND T HINK What are ways blood born pathogens can enter the body in a first aid situation.

H OW INFECTIONS OCCUR VIDEO

P RECAUTIONS Standard precautions are safety measures taken to prevent exposure to blood and body fluids when giving care to ill or injured persons Personal Hygiene Wet your hands with water Apply antimicrobial liquid soap to your hands Rub your hands vigorously for at least 15 sec, covering the entire surface of the hand Rinse hands with water Dry your hand thoroughly with a paper towel Turn off faucet using the paper towel

P ERSONAL P ROTECTIVE E QUIPMENT Equipment that helps keep you from directly contacting infected material: Wear disposable gloves Remove jewelry, such as rings, bracelets, and watches before wearing the gloves Cover any cuts, scrapes or sores prior to putting on protective equipment Do not use disposable gloves that are discolored, torn or punctured Do not clean or reuse disposable gloves Change gloves before you give care to a different victim Wear protective coverings mask, eyewear or gown, whenever you are likely to come in contact with blood or other body fluids Use breathing barriers Resuscitation masks or face shields Remove disposable gloves without contacting the soiled part of the glove

C LEANING UP A B LOOD S PILL - Clean up ASAP - Wear disposable gloves - Wipe up with absorbent material - Sterilize the area where spill occurred - Dispose properly

D ISPOSING OF C ONTAMINATED M ATERIAL

CPR POCKET MASK

I F Y OU ARE E XPOSED Notify a police officer or other professional on the scene AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

O BTAINING C ONSENT Permission to treat the victim Before treating a conscious patient you have to tell the victim: Who you are Your level of training The care you would like to give Implied Consent If the victim is unconscious or unable to respond due to the illness or injury it is assumed they would want the care

G OOD S AMARITAN L AWS Immunity protection for a citizen responder from being sued or found financially responsible for the victims injury These laws were enacted to encourage people to other in emergency situations

R EACHING AND M OVING V ICTIMS C-C-C Only move a victim if they are in immediate danger Fire Presence of toxic gas Risk of drowning Risk of explosion Collapse structure Uncontrollable traffic hazard Before acting considering the following Dangerous conditions at the scene The size of the victim Your physical ability Whether others can help The victims condtion

E MERGENCY M OVES Walking AssistPack-Strap Carry

E MERGENCY M OVES ( CONT ) Two-Person Seat CarryClothes Drag