IFRRO and the Work of the Reproduction Rights Organisation - RRO Olav Stokkmo, IFRRO Chief Executive 6 April 2011Polska Kziaksa, Krakow

Point of departure Management of copyright by RROs

LegislationManagementEnforcement Administering access to © works Three pillars

Addressing Reprography Point of Departure Billions of copies made annually Most impossible to stop Some considered legitimate Portions/small parts of works for Internal use Non commercial use Example: Student’s need for a chapter of a book Heaviest users: Education Dilemma: Ban or Licence?

Why are photocopies made? Need for just a small part of the work Need to update information Material not available Material no longer on sale Increased flexibility

Creators and publishers providing access through collective management and RROs Management of copyright in text and image based works

RRO Collective Management Complements individual management One to One / Many: Individual management Many to One / Many: Collective management as individual licensing is Impossible Typically Orphan works Impracticable or Insufficient Typically Multiple copying & Out-of-Print works RRO licences complement individual management

Content of RRO licences Limited extracts 5-15%; chapter; article Personal and Internal use Permitted uses Photocopying and scanning Download, store, print, internal dissemination, external dissemination Authorised users Terms Fees Usage reporting requirements Compliance awareness

Legislation Enabling control – supporting access Voluntary licence India, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan, USA HK, Ireland, UK (Education: Obligation to take up a licence) Voluntary License with legislative support Extended Collective Licence - Nordic countries + Voluntary France (Compulsory collective management) + Voluntary Latvia, Zimbabwe (Legal presumption) Legal licence Australia, Korea, Singapore; Netherlands, Switzerland (+ Voluntary) Levies Austria, Belgium, Germany, Burkina Faso, Poland (+ Voluntary) Spain, Greece (+ Voluntary)

Voluntary model Rightholder choice Individual mandates Non exclusive Opt in/out User obligation to take licence Broad licence for copying extracts May be legal fall-back Distribution of fees Individual & title-specific Rightholder-set splits

Voluntary with legislative support: Extended Collective Licence Rightholder choice National agreement Extends to international Equal treatment Opt out if wished Comprehensive No legal risk Distribution via r/h bodies

Non Members (national, foreign) User (Library) Licensing Agreement RRO Mandated by Rightholders Collective Licence § Mandated by Rightholders Assocation Extended Collective Licence

Legal licences Statutory or legal Equal entitlement No opt out Legal – fees set by law Statutory – by negotiation Levy Equipment Operator Distribution to individuals

Systems may be combined, for example… Legal licence Equipment levy Private copying Voluntary licence Organisations Large-scale copying

RROs Areas of Licensing Education at all levels Schools; Universities; Further education; Distance Education Public Administration Government; Regional; Local Trade and Industry Religious bodies Public and Research libraries Cultural institutions Copy shops

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