Mannerism A style that developed in the sixteenth century ( , after the sack of Rome )as a reaction to the classical rationality and balanced harmony of the High Renaissance; They rejected many conventions of the Renaissance and their work could be characterized by the dramatic use of space and light, exaggerated colour, elongation of figures, and distortions of perspective, scale, proportion. They were a very individual and expressive group that had a variety of styles. Parmigianino's Madonna with the Long Neck

El Greco ( ) born Crete, studied Italy moved to Spain. His name is Spanish for ‘the Greek’. born Crete, studied Italy moved to Spain. His name is Spanish for ‘the Greek’. influenced by Parmigianiomo (who painted Madonna of the Long Neck). influenced by Parmigianiomo (who painted Madonna of the Long Neck). The Burial of Count Orgaz (1586) Top of Painting: Eternal Heaven, Christ, Eternal Heaven, Christ, Bottom of Painting: Angels, 16th century Spaniards, Count Orgaz, Greco’s friends, his son on the bottom left Angels, 16th century Spaniards, Count Orgaz, Greco’s friends, his son on the bottom left Uniting feature: Angel bearing the soul, looks like a doll, priest looking up, Mary looking down Angel bearing the soul, looks like a doll, priest looking up, Mary looking down Known for: elongated bodies, elongated bodies, strong sense of movement, strong sense of movement, flickering light, flickering light, bright colours (some say acid colours) bright colours (some say acid colours) intense emotion. intense emotion. Technique: consisted of the application of thick oil paint over a red ochre gessoed animal-skin canvas. The light areas were blocked in white or gray oil paint. He applied the paint in broken short brush strokes which were almost impressionistic. Technique: consisted of the application of thick oil paint over a red ochre gessoed animal-skin canvas. The light areas were blocked in white or gray oil paint. He applied the paint in broken short brush strokes which were almost impressionistic.

Mannerism in El Greco's jarring "acid" color sense, his figures' elongated and tortured anatomy, the irrational perspective and light of his breathless and crowded composition, and obscure and troubling symbolism

Northern Renaissance Main differences between the Northern Renaissance and the Italian Renaissance: Northern Renaissance Realism Realism Attention to detail Attention to detail Everyday life, everyday objects Everyday life, everyday objects Symbolism in everyday objects Symbolism in everyday objects Italian Renaissance Idealized beauty antiquity

Northern Countries These Northern countries were known for certain achievements (strengths) during the Renaissance: These Northern countries were known for certain achievements (strengths) during the Renaissance: Low Countries (Belgium, Holland): oil paint, allowed them to paint in detail Low Countries (Belgium, Holland): oil paint, allowed them to paint in detail Germany: art centre of Europe Germany: art centre of Europe France: excelled in architecture during this time France: excelled in architecture during this time Spain: used wealth and privilege to draw artist to their court. Spain: used wealth and privilege to draw artist to their court.

Jan Van Eyck ( ) The Arnolfini Marriage size- 32” x 23” !!!!! This is not a large painting. Meaning of the following symbols: Raised right hand- Fidelity Raised right hand- Fidelity Dog- Fidelity and Loyalty ((the common canine name Fido originated from the Latin fido, "to trust"). Dog- Fidelity and Loyalty ((the common canine name Fido originated from the Latin fido, "to trust"). Ripened peaches- Fertility Ripened peaches- Fertility Clogs cast aside- standing on holy ground Clogs cast aside- standing on holy ground St. Margaret on bedpost- saint of childbirth St. Margaret on bedpost- saint of childbirth Wisk broom- domestic care Wisk broom- domestic care Lit candle- oath of marriage, devotion of newlyweds, seeing eye of G-d Lit candle- oath of marriage, devotion of newlyweds, seeing eye of G-d Crystal beads- Virgin Mary Crystal beads- Virgin Mary What is written above the mirror: Jan Van Eyck was here in 1434 (he was a witness of the marriage) Jan Van Eyck was here in 1434 (he was a witness of the marriage) Who is in the mirror? Jan Van Eyck and another witness Jan Van Eyck and another witness What is around the mirror? 10 scenes of Christ’s passion 10 scenes of Christ’s passion No she is not pregnant, it was the style of the day

Arnolfini Wedding

More on this painting: High realism, unity, meticulous detail, realistic light coming from the left. High realism, unity, meticulous detail, realistic light coming from the left. When was this painted in relation to other Italian Renaissance paintings? Donatello’s David Donatello’s David 60 years before Leonardo’s “Last Supper” 60 years before Leonardo’s “Last Supper” 100 years before Michelangelo’s “Last Judgment” 100 years before Michelangelo’s “Last Judgment”

Remember this artist from earlier in the semester? BOTERO FERNANDO (1932) He also did his take on this painting.

For the fashion students in the class other Paintings by the artist

Rogier der Weyden- Portrait of a lady (1455) Compare it to Mona Lisa ( ) ? What personality do you think she has? What station in life? What’s the feeling of the painting? sharply contrasting outlines of lips and nose, or his emphasis on the slenderness of limbs - idealise his sitters, lending them a greater sophistication sharply contrasting outlines of lips and nose, or his emphasis on the slenderness of limbs - idealise his sitters, lending them a greater sophistication

Hieronymus Bosch Dutch ( ) Great imagination Great imagination World of weird images and puzzling symbols World of weird images and puzzling symbols Packed with people (mostly naked, many things going on) Packed with people (mostly naked, many things going on)

Left Panel- Garden of Eden Amid exotic animals, plants and landscape, God is introducing Adam to Eve Amid exotic animals, plants and landscape, God is introducing Adam to Eve God’s beautiful creation God’s beautiful creation

Middle Panel-Garden of Delights Fantastic landscape Humanities constant search to satisfy its earthly delights with overindulgence and sin

Right Panel- The Garden of Satan Bosch version of Hell Bosch version of Hell Hundreds of figures are being tortured while the eggshell human tree trunk of Satan in the center supervises it all Hundreds of figures are being tortured while the eggshell human tree trunk of Satan in the center supervises it all The overindulgences and sin eventually lead people to Hell The overindulgences and sin eventually lead people to Hell Bosch is very pessimistic, no chance of salvation is shown Bosch is very pessimistic, no chance of salvation is shown

Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things decorated table top for King Phillip II of Spain Death The last Judgement Hell Heaven Radiant all seeing eye of God GLUTTONY SLOTH LUST VANITY ANGER ENVY AVARICE

Pieter Brugel Painted peasants in their daily activities in ordinary landscapes Painted peasants in their daily activities in ordinary landscapes How has Brugel created depth in the return of the Hunters? How has Brugel created depth in the return of the Hunters?

Dürer, Albrecht (b ,Germany) German painter, printmaker, draughtsman and art theorist, generally regarded as the greatest German Renaissance artist.Renaissance Dürer traveled, and found, he says, more appreciation abroad than at home. The Italian influence on his art was of a particularly Venetian strain He had an arranged marriage, and friends considered his wife, Agnes, to be mean and bad-tempered, though what their real marital relations were, nobody can tell. For all his apparent openness, Dürer is a reserved man, and perhaps it is this rather sad reserve that makes his work so moving. Self-Portrait at 26 (1498) Any similarities to the Mona Lisa (painted ) ?

Printmaker- woodcuts and copper engraving- Guttenburg invented the printing press in 1446)

St. Michael's fight against the dragon 1498 (330 kB); Woodcut, 39.2 x 28.3 cm (15 x 11 1/8 in)

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse 1498 ; woodcut

The Knight, Death and The Devil x19 cm Copper Engraving Copper Engraving

A Young Hare 1502 (140 kB); Watercolor and gouache on paper