Hitler’s Rise to Power

What was Hitler’s Early Life Like  Born to Alois and Klara Hitler in Austria.  Mother dies - Hitler blames her Jewish doctor for her death.  Wanted to be an artist – not accepted into the Vienna Academy of Art  Paternal Grandfather - Jewish

Hitler’s Paintings

How did WWI Influence Hitler?  He served in German Army:  wounded and received two Iron Crosses for bravery.  First success in his life  Blamed Germany’s defeat on Jews, Communists, and “November Criminals” - signers of TOV (Treaty of Versailles)

Why did Hitler Join the German Workers Party?  Army Sent Hitler to investigate in  Gave a speech denouncing the TOV, Jews and Communists  Asked to Join

What is the NAZI Party?  German Workers Party changed to National Socialist German Workers Party - “NAZI” Party  Fascist beliefs  Drafted a platform of 25 points  Swastika – ancient Hindu symbol meaning good luck (flipped)

What is Mein Kampf?  “Mein Kampf” = “My Struggle”  Blueprint for Germany’s future 1. Racism - hatred for Jews 2. Lebensraum (living space) expansion of Germany’s border 3. World Domination

What Problems did Germany’s government have after WWI?  Weimar Republic – democracy established after WWI  the name given by historians to the federal republic and parliamentary representative democracy established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government. It was named after Weimar, the city where the constitutional assembly took place.  Faced Political opposition from  communist  fascists

What economic problems did the Weimar Republic after WWI Reparations – repayments for war damages to AlliesReparations – repayments for war damages to AlliesCaused: High UnemploymentHigh Unemployment StarvationStarvation DesperationDesperation

What is Hyperinflation? US German US German  Jan 1918 $1 = $5.21  Jan 1922$1 = $  Jan 1923$1 = $17, 972  Dec 1923$1 = $4.2 T Hyperinflation - soaring inflation (increase in prices due to too much money and too few goods)

What did Hitler offer to the German people? Promises, PromisesPromises, Promises ✓ Nationalists - Restore Germany to Greatness ✓ Wealthy Industrialist – stop communism ✓ Workers – end unemployment Blamed Others for Germany’s ProblemsBlamed Others for Germany’s Problems ✓ Jews ✓ November Criminals ✓ Weimar Republic Excellent SpeakerExcellent Speaker

How does Hitler become Chancellor?  “Brownshirts”– Hitler’s private army  used fear tactics to eliminate opposition  Used speeches and propaganda to gain support  Nazi Party gains votes in Reichtag (German Legislature):  1930 = 18% of vote  1932 = 37% of vote  Hitler appointed Chancellor (Prime Minister) in 1933

How did Hitler Gain Total Power?  “Reichstag fire”  the German capital building is burned  blamed on communists  Ended democracy in Germany

What actions did Hitler take as Der Furher – The Leader?  Ignored the TOV  Rebuilt Army & Opened Weapons Factories  Stopped reparations payments  Economy improved  New Jobs - military sector  Decreased unemployment  Eliminated political opposition  Began planning for expansion of the Third Reich (Third Empire)

What was the Jewish Problem?  Hitler’s belief that Aryan German’s were the “Master Race” – blond hair, blue eyes, strong and disciplined  Blamed Germany’s problems on the Jewish people  Racism and propaganda used to create distrust and hatred against Jews and non-Aryans.

What actions did Hitler take to solve the “Jewish Problem”  1935 Nuremburg Laws  Stripped Jews of Citizenship  Can’t Hold Public Office  Barred From Schools  Boycott Jewish Businesses  Banned non-Jews from marriage to Jews  1938 Kristallnacht  Night of broken glass  Jews attacked on streets  Jewish businesses vandalized  Burned Synagogues  Many Jews shot or sent to prison camps

Mussolini

Italy Problems After WWI  460,000 Soldiers killed  Heavy debt  Dissatisfaction with TOV - Britain and France didn’t give Italy the land they promised in the Treaty of London  Governments were coalitions that couldn’t make decisions

Problems Continue  Value of lira declined  Price of bread rose  Shortage of Coal  Rising unemployment let to unrest in cities  Peasants seize lands

Mussolini Gains Power  Promises to solve Italy’s problems  Something for everyone:  Nationalists – recreate the Roman Empire  Landowners – protect private property  Workers – full unemployment  Blackshirts  Mussolin’s Followers  Used Force to gain power

March on Rome 1922  “Either the government will be given to us or we shall seize it by marching on Rome”  20,000 Blackshirts in a planned Coup d’etat  King Victor Emmanuel fears Civil War - names Mussolini Prime Minister

“Il Duce” – The Leader  Solved Unemployment Problem  Restored Patriotism and Nationalism  Recaptured Italy’s Greatness  “Made the Trains Run on Time  Limited Individual Freedoms

Rise of Militarism in Japan

What Problems did Japan have after WWI?  Weak Constitutional Monarchy  Conflicts with west over immigration policies and TOV/LON  Population Explosion  35M to 60 M  Need land for farming and living space  Industrial Revolution = need for more raw materials  Economic Problems due to Great Depression

What type of government evolved in Japan?  Civilian government had no control over military  Militarism influenced all aspects of society  Military gradually gains control of the government  Hirohito figurehead  Tojo as Military General and Leader of Japan

What were Japan’s Military and Nationalist Goals?  Solve Countries Problems through foreign expansion  Pacific empire rich in raw materials and living space  Begin in 1931 – Invasion of Manchuria 1931 Attack on Manchuria