FROM OPPRESSION TO EMPOWERMENT THROUGH EDUCATION James A. BanksPaulo Freire “Father of Multicultural Education” “Education for Liberation”

James A. Banks Life and Career Grew up as an African-American in racially segregated Arkansas during the 1940’s and 50’s Developed a commitment to social justice at an early age Received his Bachelor’s Degree in Elementary Education and Social Science with honors Became the first black professor in the College of Education at the University of Washington (UW) Has written more than 20 books and over 100 articles on the subject of Multicultural Education

Banks Four Approaches to Multicultural Teaching Contributions Approach The Ethnic Additive Approach The Transformational Approach The Decision-Making and Social Action Approach Multicultural Curriculum Philosophy

Multicultural Education 5 Dimensions of Multicultural Education Content Integration Knowledge construction process Prejudice reduction Equity Pedagogy An empowering school culture and social structure

Paulo Freire Life and Career Born in Recife, Brazil, on September 19, 1921, died 1997 Early experiences with hunger and poverty Education at University of Recife. Teaching experiences "The greatest humanistic and historical task of the oppressed: to liberate themselves..." — Paulo Freire

Activism and Later Career Reform and political unrest in Brazil Prison and Exile Visiting professor at Harvard University (1969). Special Education Advisor to World Congress of Churches in Geneva, Switzerland Returned to Brazil in 1979 Minister of Education for the City of Sao Paulo (1988) “Washing ones hands of the conflict between the powerful and the powerless means to side with the powerful, not to be neutral." - Paulo Freire

Major Contributions/Theory “Pedagogy of the Oppressed” (1970). Proposed a new relationship between teacher, student and society "Banking Model vs. Problem- Posing Education". “Conscientization” and "Culture of Silence"