Basic Anatomy & Physiology

BonesProvide:  Protection  Support  Shape

Primary Joints  Hip  Knee  Shoulder  Elbow  Wrist  Ankle

Hip  Femur  Acetabulum  Ligaments  Labrum  Muscles

Hip

Knee  Femur  Tibia/Fibula  Patella  Ligaments: –MCL/LCL/PCL/ACL  Meniscus

Shoulder  Humerus  Glenoid  Clavical  Scapula  Ligaments  Muscles  Labrum

Elbow  Humerus  Radius  Ulna  Ligaments  Muscles  Ulnar Nerve

Wrist  Radius  Ulna  Carpals  Metacarpals  Median Nerve  Carpal Tunnel  Ligaments  Muscles

Ankle  Tibia  Fibula  Ligaments: –ATFL, PTFL, CFL –Deltoid  Talus  Calcaneus  Muscles

Ligaments  Connect Bone to Bone  Provide Stability  Will NOT heal after injury  Injured Ligament = Sprain  Sprained Ankle: #1: Ant. Talofibular Lig #2: Calcaneofibular Lig #3: Post. Talofibular Lig

Cartilage  Covers the end of bones  Also located in joints, nose, and ears  General Purpose: –Absorb shock –Reduce friction –Increase joint stability - Provide nutrition Articular Cartilage

Muscles  Injured Muscle = Strain  Common Injury Locations: –Rotator Cuff  Supraspinatus –Quadriceps  Rectus Femoris –Hamstrings  Bicep Femoris –Calf  Gastrocnemius & Soleus

Leg Muscles Biceps Femoris SemitendinosusSemimembranosus Gastrocnemius Soleus Achilles Tendon IT Band

Arm Muscles  Most Common Shoulder Injuries: –Rotator Cuff  Tendonitis, Tears, Impingement –Bicipital Tendonitis

Tendons  Attach Muscle to Bone  Tendons surrounded by sheath filled w/ synovial fluid to decrease friction –Tenosynovitis  Injury to Tendon = Strain  Common Injury Locations: –Achilles –Biceps –Patellar –Rotator Cuff

Bursa  Small, fluid filled sacs  Located between tissues to decrease friction  Common Injury: Bursitis

Neurological System  Controls: –Digestion –Sensation –Breathing –HR –BP –Muscle Contraction –Many other functions

Digestive/Reproductive Systems  ULQ: Stomach, spleen, L kidney, gut, ½ pancreas  URQ: Liver, gall bladder, R kidney, gut, ½ pancreas  LLQ: Ureter, ½ bladder, L ovary  LRQ: Ureter, ½ bladder, appendix, R ovary

Respiratory System  Path of Air: –Nose/Mouth –Pharynx-Larynx-Trachea –Bronchi –Lungs  Muscles of inspiration: –Diaphragm –Intercostals  Muscles of expiration: –Abdominal muscles:  Rectus abdominus  Internal/external obliques  Transversus abdominus

Cardiovascular System  Heart –2 atria –2 ventricles  Vascular Structures –Aorta –Inferior/superior vena cava –Pulmonary arteries/veins