Classifying Primary Industries Primary activities UK Coal mining industry

Primary activities Definition- “Economic activities which produce food, fuel, and raw materials, e.g. agriculture, mining, quarrying, fisheries, forestry and primary energy production”

Primary activities ActivityCharacteristics Agriculture The cultivation of crops and the tending of animals Forestry The Production of trees and timber Fishing The harvesting of fish from the sea and rivers Mining/Quarrying The extraction of minerals from the Earth’s crust Primary Energy The harnessing of power produced directly, e.g. hydroelectric and wind power

Questions- a) Describe the main features of the world pattern of the percentages employed in agriculture shown above (on your map) b) Choose two continents and explain the differences

Oil- production and reserves Many countries have some commercial oil deposits Nearly 2 thirds are in the Middle East Africa has almost as much oil in reserve as North America So why is Africa so poor? real Only 4 African countries have real oil deposits (Algeria, Libya, Nigeria and Angola)

Oil in the world today

Mechanisation The use of machines in place of manual labour or the use of animals. Until the 1700s there were few machines available to help people in the home, on the land, or in industry. There were no factories, only cottage industries, in which people carried out work, such as weaving, in their own homes for other people. The 1700s saw a long series of inventions, initially in the textile industry, that ushered in a machine age and brought about the Industrial Revolution. Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Mining/Quarrying have all been affected directly by mechanisation

The problems faced by primary producers Sustainability? Problems- soil erosion total deforestation over-fishing This all means economic opportunities are declining

Generally, primary workers receive lower wages This means a lot has to be done to earn a modest salary The reason- Raw materials are at the bottom end of the production process- no value has been added The problems faced by primary producers

Now have a go at the questions on the worksheet

Changes in UK Coal mining industry A case study

UK coal-mining industry This case study demonstrates the changes that have affected a primary industry. The emphasis is on the more recent changes It is certainly in your exam!

UK Coal-Mining You need to: be able to describe and explain the reasons for the decline of the UK Coal industry understand the economic, social and environmental consequences of the decline

Your tasks- For next week you need to have: researched into the changes in the UK coal mining industry remember to look specifically at economic, environmental and social consequences of the decline Answer questions 1, 2 and 3 from the photocopy (Page 241)