MUSCLES AND MUSCLE TISSUES Chapter 9

Functions of Muscle Tissue Movement Heat production Maintenance of posture Stabilize joints

Functional Characteristics Excitability Contractibility Extensibility Elasticity

Types of Muscle Tissue

Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle

Highly vascularized Highly innervated

Muscle Attachments Insertion versus origin Direct attachment Indirect attachment (tendons and aponeurosis)

Microscopic Anatomy

Neuromuscular Junction

Generating an Action Potential

Sliding Filament Model

Motor Units

Typical Myogram

Frequency of Stimulation Treppe

Muscle Tone

Muscle Metabolism

Muscle Fatigue

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM CHAPTER 10

Interactions of Skeletal Muscle Agonist=prime mover Agonist=prime mover Antagonist=opposes the agonist Antagonist=opposes the agonist Synergist=helpers Synergist=helpers Fixators=immobilizers Fixators=immobilizers

Naming Skeletal Muscles Location Location Shape Shape Relative size Relative size Direction Direction Number of origins Number of origins Location of attachments Location of attachments Action Action

Fascicle Arrangement

Muscle Mechanics Lever Systems

What is a Lever? A lever is a rigid bar that moves on a fixed point, or fulcrum, when a force is applied to it. The applied force, or effort, is used to move a resistance, or load.

Mechanical Advantage

Mechanical Disadvantage

Three Classes of Levers