Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 1 : Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

Physiology 0 IF, THEN OBSERVATIONS, LOGICAL Connections 0 Cell physiology – cell functions at the chemical and molecular levels 0 Organ physiology – specific organs ; cardiac function 0 Things like stroke volume and cardiac output 0 Systemic physiology – cardiovascular physiology 0 Blood pressure involves the heart, lungs and kidneys 0 Pathological physiology – effects of disease on the function of organs or systems. Comparing normal functioning with that of disease state

Good Study Strategies 0 PARTICIPATE 0 ASK QUESTIONS 0 Read the book 0 Use the online resources 0 Make flash cards 0 Take ‘good’ notes – ones that make sense to you 0 Use a variety of methods – learn those that work for you 0 Do the HW assignments

Anatomy & Physiology 0 History back 1500 years 0 “Structures and Functions” 0 Anatomy is Greek for ‘to cut open’; study structures and their relationships to each other; both internal and external features. 0 Which muscles attach to which bones, with what tendons and at what points… who – what – where – size – shape – location, etc 0 Physiology is also Greek. It refers to how functions are performed. 0 How does a muscle actually contract (in order to move a bone)? This would be how and why. 0 “Specific functions are performed by specific structures.” Separate MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Hand Out

Anatomy 0 DETAILS 0 Gross Anatomy (aka Macroscopic) Gross means “large” or “whole” 0 Surface anatomy – general form 0 Regional anatomy – spatial relationships 0 Systemic anatomy – organs and organ systems * 0 Developmental anatomy - embryology 0 Clinical anatomy – lots of areas used in medical field 0 Microscopic Anatomy 0 Cytology – focus on cells 0 Histology – focus on tissues

Levels of Organization 0 Chemical ( molecule) – even at this level form determines function… electrons, bond type and bond angle, 3D shapes of molecules like enzymes 0 Cellular – phosphate and lipids give properties to things like CM and phospholipid bilayer 0 Tissue – collection of cells working to perform one function 0 Organ – two or more tissues working in combination 0 System * know 11 systems with organs and functions 0 Organism

Spotlight figure 1.1 Levels of Organization 0 Pgs Systems, organs and functions will be on quiz

Homeostasis and Feedback 0 Homeostasis => existence of a stable internal environment, even when external conditions vary 0 “Homeostatic regulation” is adjusting physiological reactions so the body can respond to both normal and abnormal conditions. 0 Autoregulation: (aka intrinsic) if oxygen levels decrease in a tissue, cells will release chemicals that cause local blood vessels to dilate (expand) - more blood = more O 2 0 Extrinsic regulation: nervous and/or endocrine systems cause changes in other systems. After you eat blood is diverted to digestive system organs to absorb nutrients and away from other systems 0 Feedback loops ( pg. 11)

More feedback 0 Negative Feedback is a response used to counteract the current state 0 Ex: runner is too hot ( body tem over 98.6) so you sweat and dilate blood vessels – red skin; lots of blood near surface so heat can cause water to evaporate. Temp gets lower and lower and lower until it is normal. 0 Positive Feedback is a response that keeps increasing the current state. Rarely used in everyday biological reactions 0 Ex: clotting (pg 14), labor and lactation 0 State of Equilibrium or Dynamic Equilibrium

Anatomical Terms - regions 0 Superficial = near the surface 0 Landmarks used to relate terms; brachium means arm, so brachial artery and brachialis muscle are both found in the arm 0 Position – standard anatomical position is arms at side, palms forward, feet together. 0 Supine, laying face up 0 Prone, laying face down 0 Regions …. worksheets

Anatomical Terms - sections 0 Work sheets and pages16 – 21 0 Vocab lists for Ch. 1 and Ch. 2

Clinical Notes and Reading 0 Read examples on pgs. 6 and 12 0 And additional reading – summarize one article about a disease condition related to organs, tissues or feedback. Use Gale through media center to get to academic journals This will be part of turnitin.com assignment in December 0 Article about a disease/disorder/condition 0 Article about one way to treat (address) the disease 0 2 nd article about an alternative approach 0 Paper that compares and contrasts the treatments; side effects; success rates, costs, etc.