3 recurring themes in Anatomy & Physiology Structure and Function HomeostasisIntegration 1

Language of Anatomy 2

 Anatomy  Physiology  Anatomical position 3 - Structure - Function - Function

Sectional Anatomy  Transverse (cross) plane  Frontal (coronal) plane  Saggital plane Midsagittal Midsagittal Parasagittal Parasagittal 4

Anatomical Directions Distal Proximal Frontal plane Posterior Anterior Midsagittal plane Transverse plane Superior Inferior Medial & Lateral 5 Ventral Dorsal

7 Dorsal/Palmar/Plantar Superficial/Deep

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Body Cavities  Purpose Containment Containment Movement Movement  Posterior Cranial Cranial Vertebral Vertebral  Anterior Thoracic Thoracic Abdominopelvic Abdominopelvic False cavitiesFalse cavities 10

 Thoracic cavity Pleural cavities (2) Pleural cavities (2) LungsLungs Mediastinum Mediastinum Pericardial cavityPericardial cavity 11

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Stayin’ Alive Characteristics of Life Maintenance of boundaries Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Excretion Growth Movement Reproduction Survival Needs Water Nutrients Oxygen Temperature Pressure 13

Homeostasis  All organisms must maintain a constant internal environment to function properly. - Temperature - pH - Salinity - Fluid levels 14

Feedback Cycles 3 Main Components (Variable) - Receptors - Control Center - Effectors 15

Negative Feedback Cycle 16

Feedback cycle ends when plug is formed. Positive feedback cycle is initiated. Positive feedback loop Break or tear occurs in blood vessel wall. Platelets adhere to site and release chemicals. Released chemicals attract more platelets. Platelet plug forms Positive Feedback 17

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Body Systems 19

Integumentary System Consists of: Skin, Hair, Nails, Sweat and Sebaceous Glands  External support and protection of the body  Helps regulate body temperature  Contains sense organs  Synthesizes chemicals that affect the rest of the body

Skeletal System Consists of: Bones of the Skeleton and Associated Cartilage, tendons, ligaments  Internal support and protection of organs  Produces blood cells  Stores calcium and phosphorus  Attachment point for muscles, assist in movement

Muscular System Consists of: Skeletal Muscles, Cardiac Muscles, and Smooth Muscles  Voluntary movement  Production of body Heat  Involuntary movement: beating of heart and movement found within internal organs

Nervous System Consists of: Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerves  Receive information from organs and external environment  Interprets the information it receives  Sends out response

Endocrine System Consists of: Hormonal Glands  Produces hormones that helps maintain a constant internal environment  Helps maintain the reproductive organs

Circulatory System Consists of: Heart and Blood Vessels  Carries nutrients and oxygen TO all the cells of the body  Carries waste products AWAY from all cells of the body

Lymphatic System Consists of: Lymphatic Vessels, Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Thymus, and Red Bone Marrow  Protects the body from disease (Immunity)  Absorbs fats  Drains tissue of fluid

Respiratory System Consists of: Lungs and air tubes  Brings oxygen into the blood stream and into the body  Removes carbon dioxide from the blood stream and excretes it out of the body

Digestive System Consists of: Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small and Large Intestine, and Other Accessory Organs  Receives food  Processes food and extracts nutrients  Delivers nutrients to blood stream for distribution  Removes solid waste products

Urinary (Excretory) System Consists of: Kidneys, Bladder, and Conducting Tubes  Maintains volume and chemical composition of blood  Removes nitrogen waste from blood  Excretes waste from the body

Reproductive System Consists of: Male and Female Sex Organs  Produces and maintains the sex cells (sperm and eggs)  Transfer of sperm to female system where development occurs  Producing the hormones that maintain proper fetal development