Introduction To Anatomy

Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy is a fun and interesting topic to study It tells us how we function and live in the world However many people often confuse anatomy with physiology Anatomy is the study of physical structures of the body Anatomy means “cut open” in Greek

Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy is generally broken into two different sections Gross anatomy describes structures that can be seen with the naked eye Microscopic anatomy deals with structures that cannot be seen without instruments or modification

Anatomy and Physiology However people cannot not live on physical structures alone Physiology is the study of how the physical structures function This course will combine the elements of anatomy and physiology together to give a greater understanding of the human body

Medical Terms Beware!!! This course uses A LOT of medical terminology

Medical Terms This course will use terms and terminology that are designed to make things simple Until you get used to the system it might seem like it is much harder Many medical terms use prefixes and suffixes They also use word parings that describe form, function and position in the body

Medical Terms To give an example The term “cardiac” refers to the heart Veins carry blood to the heart The term “great” can mean uppermost or largest The great cardiac vein is the largest vein on the heart It carries deoxygenated blood from heart tissue back to the heart

Levels of Organization In anatomy and physiology it is important to understand how life is organized Different types of small structural materials make up the larger structures of the body We need to know how the body is built in order to understand how it works

Levels of Organization I often compare it to a house While a house is a whole structure, it is made of different things Wood and dry wall make up walls Walls make up rooms Rooms make up floors Floors make up your house

Levels of Organization The smallest level is the atomic level The atomic level is made up of atoms These atoms are by themselves or can make up small chemicals Many of these small chemicals carry out important body functions

Levels of Organization Atoms combine to form the cellular level This level is composed of individual cells On the cellular level we study the individual cells job in the body

Levels of Organization The next largest level is the tissue level A tissue is a group of similar and interacting cells These cells will perform one or more functions to help the body

Levels of Organization The organ level is the next largest level or organization An organ is a group of tissues that collectively work together to perform many different functions These organs generally perform vital functions and several we cannot live without

Levels of Organization The organ system level is the largest level that we will study in anatomy Organ systems are groups of organs that interact to perform a particular function There are only a handful of organ systems in the body When organ systems work together they make up an organism

Organ Systems There are 12 major organ systems that we will study in this class You will have to know about each and every one of them Several you may have heard of before and some you may have never heard of

Organ Systems Name of SystemMajor OrgansMajor Function(s)Other Function(s) SkeletalBones, Connective Tissue, Marrow Support and protectMineral storage, make blood cells MuscularSkeletal muscle, TendonsMove the bodyGenerates heat NervousBrain, Spine, Sense Organs, Nerves Respond to the world around you, regulate the body Coordinate multiple organs EndocrinePituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Pancreas Directs changes in the body, sends signals Adjusts metabolic activity CardiovascularHeart, Blood Vessels, Blood Distributes blood to the bodyReallocates heat IntegumentarySkin, Hair, Sweat GlandsProtects against environmentHelps regulate body temperature, provide sensory information

Organ Systems Name of SystemMajor OrgansMajor Function(s)Other Function(s) LymphaticSpleen, Thymus, Lymph Nodes Defense against infection and disease Return tissue fluids to blood stream RespiratoryLungs, Trachea, LarynxDeliver O 2, Remove CO 2 from the body Produce audible sounds for communication DigestiveStomach, Small and large Intestine, Liver Breakdown and absorb food into the body Store energy reserves, fight disease UrinaryKidneys, Bladder, UretersRemove waste products from the blood Control blood pH and ion levels, control liquid levels Reproductive (male)Testes, Prostate Gland, Penis Produce male sex cells and hormones Sexual intercourse Reproductive (female)Ovaries, Uterus, Mammary Glands Produce female sex cells and hormones, support developing embryo Provide nourishment to newborns, sexual intercourse

Organ Systems