Chapter 13 Changes on the Western Frontier

Great Plains Indians 1. The Horse 2. The Buffalo 3. Family Life

The Lure of Gold and Silver began to run rampant among settlers in the East

Tensions began to mount Sand Creek Massacre Death on the Bozeman Trail Sioux Chief Red Cloud Crazy Horse

Fort Laramie

Treaty of Fort Laramie US Closed the Bozeman Trail Sioux agreed to move to reservation Sitting Bull only Sioux who did not sign treaty

Sitting Bull Continued to protest the white man’s invasion of their lands Famous for the wild west shows he was apart of Would meet the only man who had a chance a destroying the Sioux Nation

General George A. Custer Red Headed Flamboyant Cocky Confident Hot tempered Stubborn

Custer, Sitting Bull, and Crazy Horse met in one ferocious battle Battle of Little Big Horn (AKA - Custer’s Last Stand)

Sioux Life After Custer’s Last Stand Sitting Bull led the Indians to Canada They remained there until 1881 To prevent his people from starving-Sitting Bull surrendered 1885 Appeared in Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show

Dawes Act Attempted to assimilate the Indians into American culture Broke up the reservation Gave the land to individual Indians 160 Acres to each head of the household 80 acres to each unmarried Adult

Down fall of the Native American

Uses for the buffalo

( HIDE - BUCKSKIN) moccasin tops cradles winter robes bedding breechclouts shirts leggins lance covers belts dresses pipe bags pouches paint bags pouches dolls coup flag covers quivers tipi covers guncases (HAIR ) headdresses saddle pad filler pillows rope ornaments halters medicine balls (TAIL) medicine switch fly brush lodge exterior decorations whips (HOOF & FEET) glue rattles (HORNS) cups fire carriers powder horn spoons ladles headdresses signals toys (MEAT) (every part eaten) pemmican (converted) hump ribs- immediately jerky (converted) (SKIN OF HIND LEG) moccasins or boots (RAWHIDE) containers clothing headdress food medicine bags shields buckets moccasin soles rattles drums drumsticks splints cinches ropes belts bullets pouches saddles horse masks lance cases armbands quirts bull boats knife cases stirrups thongs horse ornament

The Battle of Wounded Knee The Ghost Dance Police came to arrest Sitting Bull Shots fired and Sitting Bull was Killed Dec. 28 Soldiers rounded up 360 Sioux Indians and demanded they give up their weapons Soldiers shot and slaughtered 300 unarmed Native Americans including Children Ended the Indian Wars forever

Indian Problems solved Cattle ranching became big business in the west

1 st Cowboys Vaqueros – Mexican Cowboys Longhorn cattle were imported from Spain Everything that became the American Cowboy derived it’s origins from the Mexican Vaqueros Jerky Chaps Bronco riding Coral Rodeo

The Longhorn Steer

As the demand for beef increased Cow towns began to form The long drives - 10 to 14 hour days Starting as young as 15 years old The round up

Cow Towns Like Dodge City Began to form

The Long Drives

The Round Up

Wild Bill Hickok & Calamity Jane

Wild Bill Hickok Served as a scout in Civil War Violent man Shot while play poker In his hand were two aces and two eights – still to this day known as a dead man’s hand

Settling of the west Homestead Act – 160 acres of land in west for any citizen who was the head of the household Exoduster – blacks who moved west to escape the reconstruction south.

Farming and Living in west Lived in Soddy's or Dug outs Women worked, schooled, and doctored the men and children of the west

Agricultural Education Morrill Land Grant Act – Set aside land for the establishment of colleges for agricultural improvement in farming

Inventions that tamed the Prairie Steel Plow Barbed Wire Mechanical Reaper Steel Windmill

Farmers began living on huge farms called Bonanzas

Farmers began forming alliances with other farmers The Grange

A new Political Party formed Populism Movement of the people Increase in money supply Graduated income tax system Federal loan program Eventually became the platform of the Democratic Party of today

Panic of 1873 William Jennings Bryan Cross of Gold Speech Silverites Gold Bugs

Bimetallism Gold Silver