Classifying Matter Science 8 Mrs. Marks.

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Presentation transcript:

Classifying Matter Science 8 Mrs. Marks

Based on the Makeup of Matter Pure Substances Elements Compounds Mixtures

Elements Simplest pure substance Cannot be changed into a simpler substance by heating or chemical process Atoms are the smallest particle of an element No two elements contain the same type of atom

Compound Two or more elements chemically combined into a pure substance The properties of a compound differ from those of the substances from which it is made Water is a liquid. What elements make up the water?

Compound (cont’d) A compound always contains two or more elements joined in a fixed proportion. (always the same formula) Can only be separated by electric energy, high heat, or chemical reaction

Mixture Two or more substances physically combined The proportions of the substances can vary, no fixed recipe The substances can be separated by physical means (using each substance’s physical properties - color, weight, boiling point)

Types of Mixtures Homogeneous Heterogeneous The substances are evenly distributed so that it is difficult to distinguish one substance in the mixture “Well mixed” General Examples: air, pudding Heterogeneous The parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another “slightly mixed” General Examples: Salad, Dirt

Solutions (homogeneous) When substances dissolve in another substance The particles in a solution are too small to settle out, be trapped by a filter or scatter light Tap water Salt water

Parts of Solutions Solute = the material that gets dissolved Solvent = the substance that makes the solute dissolve Examples: Salt Water (salt= solute), (water=solvent) Removing nail polish (polish=solute), (remover=solvent)

Alloy – A special Solution Mixture of 2 or more metals EXAMPLE: Brass, Bronze

Colloids (homogeneous) Particle size are medium Colloids do not separate into layers, do not filter out They can scatter light Examples: Milk Fog Milk Fog

Suspensions (heterogeneous) Separates into layer over time Particles can be filtered out Cloudy appearance Examples Dirty Water Salad Dressings Sand water mixture Muddy water