1 The Role of INIS in Collecting and Preserving Major Nuclear Accident‘s Literature 36th Consultative Meeting of INIS Liaison Officers 4-5 October 2012, Vienna-Austria Shuji TAKAGI INIS Liaison Officer of Japan Director, Intellectual Resources Department, Japan Atomic Energy Agency

・ How does INIS help us remedy the Fukushima accident in Japan? ・ What information and how should we collect and preserve with regard to Fukushima accident? ・ What should INIS do to collect and preserve lessons from nuclear severe accidents more effectively? As one of effective measures, we suggest the preservation of information from internet in addition to the present INIS collection activities. ・ But how? We have started to archive information regarding Fukushima accident from internet for preserving and reusing. ・ Problems are how to memorize the internet information, how to classify those and how to attach tags to them to retrieve it afterward, and so on. Summary 2

JAEA Central library at Tokai was damaged by the Great Earthquake in March, After the Fukushima Accident happened, a lot of requests for references to remedy Fukushima have been made to JAEA library. To meet the requests, we set up a portal website to provide the reference information on the JAEA Library website :25 M :46 M :1 5 M :08 M7.5 Seismic Center Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station The Great East Japan earthquake happened on March 11, Fukushima NPS Tokai Tokyo JAEA Central Library at JAEA Tokai How does INIS help us in Japan? 3

Reference concerning Fukushima JAEA Library web site 4 URL: sc.jaea.go.jp/ird/english/index.html

1. JAEA R&D results on Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident JAEA R&D results on Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident 2012/9/21 revised! 2. Useful bibliographies related to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident 2012/8/7 revised! 3. Reports related to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident 4. References in "STI/PUB/1239 ： Environmental consequences of the Chernobyl accident and their remediation : twenty years of experience / report of the Chernobyl Forum Expert Group 'Environment' " Useful bibliographies related to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident Reports related to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident References in "STI/PUB/1239 ： Environmental consequences of the Chernobyl accident and their remediation : twenty years of experience / report of the Chernobyl Forum Expert Group 'Environment' " 5 Reference information concerning the Fukushima Accident

Bibliographies related to the TMI-2, Chernobylsk-4 reactor accidents, environmental decontamination and others (16 fields, 14,017 articles ) Using INIS etc. to collect literature information regularly, indexed by subjects across the Internet 6

On the Three Mile Island (TMI) Nuclear Power Plant Accident 1. JAEA R&D results The list of the R&D results done by JAEA (including JAERI, JNC and PNC). All the technical reports on the list have a link to the PDF file that can be accessed. [1] TMI Accident - JAEA technical reports [PDF] - Journal articles etc. [PDF] 2. Domestic and international R&D results The list of the R&D results extracted from the International Nuclear Information System (INIS) database operated by IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). [2] TMI Accident - Technical documents on the Web [URL][PDF] [URL] 7 links to the INIS Collection Search

On the Chernobyl accident 1. JAEA R&D results The list of the R&D results done by JAEA (including JAERI, JNC and PNC). All the technical reports on the list have a link to the PDF file that can be accessed. [1] Chernobyl Accident - JAEA technical reports [PDF] - Journal articles etc. [PDF] 2. IAEA report & literatures on the INIS "Environmental consequences of the Chernobyl accident and their remediation: twenty years of experience : Report of the Chernobyl Forum Expert Group 'Environment'" This report is compiled by IAEA and published in 2006 as STI/PUB/1239. This report provides an up to date evaluation of the environmental effects of the accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. [2] IAEA report STI/PUB/1239 [PDF] [3] Additional information on the INIS [URL][PDF] [URL] 8 links to the INIS Collection Search

Reference linked directly to INIS collection Search 9

What actually happened at TMI-2 What actually happened at TMI Text Version by Duco, J. (CEA Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92 (France). Inst. de Protection et de Surete Nucleaire); CEA Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92 (France). Dept. d'Analyse de surete. Read MoreCollapseText Version Read MoreCollapse The 1979 Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2; USA) accident is evaluated. The reactor core is damaged and the released fission products contaminated the reactor building and the secondary buildings. The radiation dose on the TMI-2 … personnel is about 4694 man-rem, from 1979 to The main steps of the accident and the TMI-2 decontamination actions are described. The accident showed the importance of the reactor vessel's water re-filling as soon as possible during accident. Orig. TitleQue s'est-il reellement passe a TMI-2. SubjectENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES (C5240) Source/ReportAug 1989, 96 p, SFEN day on TMI reactor accident. Balance ten years after, Paris (France), 30 May 1989, CEA-DAS--635 Record TypeReport Country/Org.France DECACCIDENTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS, CLEANING, DISEASES, ENRICHED URANIUM REACTORS, INJURIES, ISOTOPES, MATERIALS, POWER REACTORS, PWR TYPE REACTORS, RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS, REACTORS, THERMAL REACTORS, WATER COOLED REACTORS DEICONTAMINATION, DECONTAMINATION, FISSION PRODUCTS, NUCLEAR DAMAGE, PERSONNEL, RADIATION DOSES, RADIATION EFFECTS, RADIATION INJURIES, REACTOR ACCIDENTS, THREE MILE ISLAND-2 REACTOR, WATER MODERATED REACTORS LanguageFrench Ref. Number Publ. Year1989 Volume21 Issue19 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES (C5240)CEA-DAS--635FranceACCIDENTSBIOLOGICAL EFFECTSBIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTSCLEANINGDISEASESENRICHED URANIUM REACTORSINJURIESISOTOPESMATERIALSPOWER REACTORSPWR TYPE REACTORSRADIOACTIVE MATERIALSREACTORSTHERMAL REACTORSWATER COOLED REACTORSCONTAMINATIONDECONTAMINATIONFISSION PRODUCTSNUCLEAR DAMAGEPERSONNELRADIATION DOSESRADIATION EFFECTSRADIATION INJURIESREACTOR ACCIDENTSTHREE MILE ISLAND-2 REACTORWATER MODERATED REACTORSFrench An example of searched literature from INIS 10

A knowledge based severe accident handbook for PWR A knowledge based severe accident handbook for PWR by Lowenhielm, G.; Henriksson, M.; Folkesson, L.E.; Lasson, N.A.; Wahlstrom, Ch. (Vattenfall-Ringhals AB, Technical Support Units 3 and 4, Varobacka (Sweden)) Read MoreCollapse Read MoreCollapse During the last decade the level of knowledge about severe accident phenomena has increased dramatically. The improved understanding has been achieved by extensive research but also from feed-back of experience from actual … incidents/accidents such as Three Mile Island and Chernobyl. In Sweden, mitigating measures such as filtered venting and external water source were implemented at all nuclear power plants by In parallel the Emergency Operating Procedures (at Ringhals called Emergency Response Guidelines, ERG, and Beyond ERG, BERG) were developed to include these new features. However, the accident management system has since then been further improved and one important aspect is the long-term accident management. The new information obtained has been one of the basis for a new knowledge based handbook to support the unit leader and the Technical Support Center. The handbook contains information concerning specific issues in the BERG and advice how the organization can manage a long-term severe accident situation SubjectSPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS (S21) Source/ReportOrganisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development - Nuclear Energy Agency, Committee on the safety of nuclear installations - OECD/NEA/CSNI, Le Seine Saint-Germain, 12 boulevard des Iles, F Issy-les-Moulineaux (France), Proceedings of the specialist meeting on selected containment severe accident management strategies, 358 p, ISSN , Jul 1995, p , Specialist meeting on selected containment severe accident management strategies, Stockholm (Sweden), Jun 1994, NEA-CSNI-R , 2 refs. Record TypeReport Country/Org.Nuclear Energy Agency of the OECD (NEA) DECACCIDENTS, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DOCUMENT TYPES, ENGINEERING, ENRICHED URANIUM REACTORS, EUROPE, MANAGEMENT, NUCLEAR FACILITIES, OPERATION, PERSONNEL, POWER PLANTS, POWER REACTORS, REACTORS, SAFETY, SCANDINAVIA, THERMAL POWER PLANTS, THERMAL REACTORS, WATER COOLED REACTORS, WATER MODERATED REACTORS, WESTERN EUROPE DEIACCIDENT MANAGEMENT, CONTAINMENT, EMERGENCY PLANS, KNOWLEDGE BASE, MANUALS, NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS, PWR TYPE REACTORS, RADIATION PROTECTION, REACTOR ACCIDENTS, REACTOR OPERATION, REACTOR OPERATORS, REACTOR SAFETY, RECOMMENDATIONS, SAFETY ENGINEERING, SWEDEN LanguageEnglish Ref. Number Rel. Record Publ. Year1995 Volume42 Issue37SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS (S21)ISSN NEA-CSNI-R Nuclear Energy Agency of the OECD (NEA)ACCIDENTSDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDOCUMENT TYPESENGINEERINGENRICHED URANIUM REACTORSEUROPE MANAGEMENTNUCLEAR FACILITIESOPERATIONPERSONNELPOWER PLANTSPOWER REACTORSREACTORSSAFETY SCANDINAVIATHERMAL POWER PLANTSTHERMAL REACTORSWATER COOLED REACTORSWATER MODERATED REACTORS WESTERN EUROPEACCIDENT MANAGEMENTCONTAINMENTEMERGENCY PLANSKNOWLEDGE BASEMANUALSNUCLEAR POWER PLANTS PWR TYPE REACTORSRADIATION PROTECTIONREACTOR ACCIDENTSREACTOR OPERATIONREACTOR OPERATORSREACTOR SAFETYRECOMMENDATIONSSAFETY ENGINEERINGSWEDENEnglish An example of searched literature from INIS

Access numbers to JAEA library website FY Apr. 4, 2011

Analysis of access to website of Reference information regarding the Fukushima Accident 13

The role of INIS to collect and preserve literature from severe accidents 14 To remedy the effects of the Fukushima Accident on site and off site the NPPs, we have obtained large amount of helpful literature through INIS for evaluating the radiation dose rate of human body, foods, etc. for managing huge amount of radioactive wastes in variety of forms, for decontaminating and decommissioning the facilities highly contaminated by radioactive materials, and so on. The INIS has been the most reliable, comprehensive, easy way to learn the experiences of others in the nuclear technology. However, still not enough. Regarding the Fukushima Accident, huge amount of reliable information is available on internet. How should we collect huge amount of reliable and useful information from internet and make it available through INIS?

The role of INIS to collect and disseminate nuclear accident Information; Reliable, comprehensive, helpful, stable information is required. Promptness or immediateness is not necessarily required in the INIS, but in an other communication system in the case of emergency. Within the present INIS system, comprehensive information is not easy to collect. International community like IAEA and each Government should push the concerned organizations provide crucial information and grant the licenses to memorize and disseminate such information through INIS as stable information. Reliable and helpful information should be selected by each national centers of INIS. In order to collect and preserve comprehensive information regarding Fukushima Accident and to utilize it anytime afterward, we started to develop so-called ‘Fukushima Archives’. To keep it comprehensive, we cooperate with National Diet Library of Japan (NDLJP) which is aouthorised to collect comprehensive information from the websites of all the national and public organizations but the ones of private companies. 15

Fukushima Archives (JAEA Trial version) Meta data for Web information Original Information Subject Index Link to National Diet Library web archiving project (NDL-warp) Fukushima Archives 16

Data Base (Meta Data) of Information Collected from Internet 17

Fukushima Archives 18 Top of Fukushima Archives Portal Site

19 Revised on May 16 Monitoring info. on site Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry TEPCO released Detected Radioactive Materials in the sea near Fukushima NPP. Analysis result.……. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Monitoring info. at nuclear facilities in Tokai mura. …. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Radiation Monitoring TopRanking Key Word Search Index Tree

We should never experience such a serious accident as of Fukushima NPS. We should learn how to prevent serious accident through INIS before we learn what is helpful for remedying the effects of accidents. Nur ein Idiot glaubt, aus den eigenen Erfahrungen zu lernen. Ich ziehe es vor, aus den Erfahrungen anderer zu lernen, um von vorneherein eigene Fehler zu vermeiden. Fools say they learn from experience; I prefer to learn from the experience of others to avoid my own failure. - Otto von Bismarck - In the field of nuclear science and technology, We should learn from experiences of others through INIS. INIS should have its own archives to preserve crucial information collected from internet by member states and organizations. 20 Conclusion Thank you.

Reference Data 21

Chronological Input of Bibliographic Data re. TMI-2 Accident to INIS 22

Chronological Input of Bibliographic Data re. Chernobyl Accident to INIS 23

Chronological Input of Bibliographic Data re. Fukushima Accident to INIS 24