Mr. Mark Gonzalez Grace Christian Academy Westward Expansion and War with Mexico

“Manifest Destiny”  First mentioned by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in  ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."  A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.  Also led to diplomatic conflict w/ Great Britain and war against Mexico  A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.  Also led to diplomatic conflict w/ Great Britain and war against Mexico

“American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

Texas Declaration of Independence

Key Figures in Texas Independence, Sam Houston ( ) 2. Steven Austin ( )

The Republic of Texas-March 2, ,000 white colonists many of German decent 2,000 black slaves 5,000 Mexicans (Tejanos) White colonists refused to renounce Slavery and convert to Catholicism “Texians” rather than Mexican subjects Rebelled against Mexican dictator Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana

Remember the Alamo! San Antonio, Texas-March 1836

Davey Crockett’s Last Stand: Crockett and 7 other survivors were captured and executed by Santa Ana

The Battle of the Alamo General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptured the Alamo- Break for ATSU video

Overland Immigration to the West  Between 1840 and 1860, more than 250,000 people made the trek westward.

James K. Polk (  Tennessee  democrat  Protégé of Jackson  Wanted the annexation of both Texas and all the Oregon territory to the union and got it!

The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869

Oregon Trail and other Trails Westward * By 1845, about 5,000 Americans were living in the Willamette Valley, Oregon Trail was 2,000 miles long-trip took 6 months Sante Fe Trail Mormon Trail California Trail

The Doomed Donner Party April, 1846 – April, 1847-

The Doomed Donner Party James Reed & Wife Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen  Of the 87 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California!  Stalled by a October snowstorm at what is today called Donner Pass- break for ATSUvideo  Of the 87 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California!  Stalled by a October snowstorm at what is today called Donner Pass- break for ATSUvideo CANNIBALISM ! ! CANNIBALISM ! !

The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!  By the mid-1840s, “Oregon Fever” was spurred on by the promise of free land.  Polk wanted all of the Oregon territory, but privately was willing to settle for 49 th parallel border  By the mid-1840s, “Oregon Fever” was spurred on by the promise of free land.  Polk wanted all of the Oregon territory, but privately was willing to settle for 49 th parallel border  The joint British-U. S. occupation ended in 1846 and they split the land

The Slidell Mission (to take land from Mexico): Nov., 1845 Goals-sent by Pres. Polk: 1.Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande as the TX-US border. 2. US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5 million 3. US would buy California at any price. Goals-sent by Pres. Polk: 1.Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande as the TX-US border. 2. US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5 million 3. US would buy California at any price. John Slidell- emissary to Mexico City

The Mexican War ( ) Congress declared war on May 13, 1846 Lasted longer than expected Zachary Taylor was the war hero general Mexico lost most of the battles Fought in N. Mexico, Mexico and California

General Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto, Texas “Old Rough and Ready”

The Bombardment of Vera Cruz, Mexico

General Scott Enters Mexico City “Old Fuss and Feathers”

Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo, 1848 Nicholas Trist, American Negotiator

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848  Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande  Mexico ceded to the U. S. California and New Mexico.  U. S. gave Mexico $15 million and agreed to pay Mexico debt to the USA (over $3.5 million ).  Mexican residents living there would become US Citizens  Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande  Mexico ceded to the U. S. California and New Mexico.  U. S. gave Mexico $15 million and agreed to pay Mexico debt to the USA (over $3.5 million ).  Mexican residents living there would become US Citizens The Treaty was basically forced on Mexico!

Results of the Mexican War?  The 17-month war cost $100 million and 13,000+ American lives (mostly of disease).  New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)  These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.  Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.  Manifest Destiny partially realized.  Left the Mexican people bitter and forever suspicious of the “gringos” of the USA  The 17-month war cost $100 million and 13,000+ American lives (mostly of disease).  New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)  These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.  Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.  Manifest Destiny partially realized.  Left the Mexican people bitter and forever suspicious of the “gringos” of the USA

The Mexican Cession

Free Soil Party Free Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men!  Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories!  The movement was launched by the Wilmot Proviso- slavery nor African Americans should be allowed in the newly acquired Mexican territory-caused division  Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories!  The movement was launched by the Wilmot Proviso- slavery nor African Americans should be allowed in the newly acquired Mexican territory-caused division WHY?

The 1848 Presidential Election Results √

GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, California 1848 John A. Sutter Break for ATSU video

California Gold Rush, er’s

Two Views of San Francisco, Early 1850s  1850 California becomes a state- no slavery  By 1860, almost 300,000 people had traveled the Oregon & California Trails to the Pacific coast.  1850 California becomes a state- no slavery  By 1860, almost 300,000 people had traveled the Oregon & California Trails to the Pacific coast.

Territorial Growth to 1853

Westward the Course of Empire Emmanuel Leutze, 1860