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What is the U.S. Market Revolution? We used to be a subsistence economy of scattered farms and tiny workshops >>>Now the USA will shift into making an abundance of products and agriculture to sell for profit

Market Revolution C A U S E S Specialization? People will focus on growing 1 or 2 crops to sell instead of everything they need South – Cotton to sell to N.E. and Britain, West-grain Northeast –machines and textiles for S and W Capitalism – corporations and individuals control businesses – privately owned by people>>>sometimes referred to as free enterprise People only interested in making a profit Entrepreneurs invest own money in new businesses; great loss, great profit

McCormick Reaper=- Harvested 5x faster Cyrus McCormick

VULCANIZED RUBBER- Charles GOODYEAR Samuel Morse- Telegraph SEWING MACHINE I. M. Singer STEEL PLOW- John Deere

TRANSPORTATION- emergence of railroads in 1840 transcontinental-railroad

Nicknamed THE IRON HORSE \

It is the destiny of Americans to occupy the American continent

AMERICAN TRAILS WEST OREGON CALIFORNIA SPANISH MORMON

What makes people want to take the risk and move west? Opportunity to own land- Merchants will follow farmers, then miners to the west Most Native Americans forced to move Treaty of Ft. Laramie- gave various Native American nations control of plains- not for long OREGON

Missouri Compromise line 10 free and 10 slave states until Missouri next to be a state>> Problem? will it upset the balance of slaves vs. free states? Maine admitted as a free state, Missouri as a slave state> problem solved temporarily Agreement >Missouri Compromise line: 36’ 30’ north latitude. >>>>Any area that comes into the USA north of the line will be a free state

Fifty-four forty or fight! newspapers made up the slogan that calls for the annexation of Oregon President Polk says –Annex entire Oregon Territory. Compromise- US and GB peacefully agreed to the border: 49 th parallel (latitude)

TEXAS: Mexican province Mexico wins independence from Spain in 1821 Owning a vast territory didn’t mean they controlled it Native Americans attack their settlements To try and protect their territory from horse thieves and border attacks from Native Americans they invite American settlers to move there

How the USA gets Texas? Stephen Austin is granted a huge tract of land, and he promised to bring in 300 American families to Texas area He was an empresario if they obey Mexico’s laws, and no slaves = land for cheap(Americans still brought slaves) >>>1000’s rushed to Mexico (Texas) Land for a very cheap price: 177 acres of farm land + 4,000 acres of grazing land, and 10 year exemption from taxes 30,000 Americans in Texas by 1835-: Mexico tries to seal their borders  American settlers come into conflict with Mexican govt. because they continued to bring slaves

Texas Revolution Texans Revolt in 1835 over Mexican Dictator Santa Anna threw Stephen Austin in jail, accusing him of trying to start a revolution and raise an army Army Led by Davy Crockett, Bowie, and Sam Houston

Texans declare Independence in 1836 (Republic of Texas) Santa Anna invades with 6,000 men Battle at the Alamo – 187 Texans Surrounded and all killed Santa Anna’s Mexican army defeated by Sam Houston “remember the Alamo”- becomes the battle cry for Texas independence Houston becomes 1 st president of Republic of Texas>>“invites” the USA to annex or incorporate Texas into the USA US recognizes Texas in

Texas wins its independence Defeating Santa Anna Many people in Congress unsure whether to make Texas a state WHY?

U.S. in 1836

Texas Joins the Union Does accepting Texas into the US upset the balance of slave vs. free states? Pres. Polk (a slave holder) favors statehood On Dec. 29, 1848, Texas becomes 28 th state Polk provokes war with Mexico. -> USA repeatedly violates Mexico’s border Southerners think gaining more territory from Mexico will help them expand slavery War with Mexico looks like an easy way to gain land

Mexican war 9min

Mexican War (Civil War Dress Rehearsal)  America offers to buy NM and CA  Mexico says no, so Polk sends an army to Rio Grande (Mexican response?)  Mexico already mad about Texas  Mexican War  USA wins  Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Gives USA:  border for Texas  And the Mexican Cession We pay $15 Mil for New Mexico, California, Nevada, Utah, and AZ  Then Gadsden Purchase 1853, $10 Mil  for another small piece of territory finishing southern border of USA James K. Polk Santa Anna General Zachary Taylor General Winfield Scott

TERRITORIAL GAINS

Election of 1848 Democrats so divided over slavery Zachary Taylor easily wins Nominee Zachary Taylor Zachary Taylor ( ) Lewis CassMartin Van Buren PartyWhigDemocratic Free Soil

Gold first discovered>>Sutter’s Mill (near Sacramento) on the American River in California- CA becomes a free state in1850 “THAR’S GOLD IN THEM THAR HILLS!” may-not-know-about-the-california-gold- rush

“Forty- Niners”

Mining Towns of the West In 1 year CA pop exceeds 100,000

METHODS OF GOLD SEEKING panning rocker Horse-drawn arrastre Stamp mill