SOCIAL STUDIES Fourth Grade Week Five

Which pioneer crossed the Appalachian Mountains through the Cumberland Gap and helped clear the Wilderness Road?

Daniel Boone

Who did Thomas Jefferson send to the Louisiana Territory to explore and make maps of the area?

Lewis and Clark

Who explored the upper regions of the Mississippi River before heading to the southwest (in Spanish territory) to explore?

Zebulon Pike

How did the Lewis and Clark Expedition help future pioneers?

They brought back maps showing the major rivers, mountains, and important passes through the Rocky Mountains.

Why was it easier to explore the Louisiana Purchase than Kentucky?

There were many rivers Lewis and Clark could travel on, but Daniel Boone had to cross the Appalachian Mountains.

What were the four main reasons why pioneers moved west?

1. Economic opportunities (trading and farming) 2. Land was inexpensive 3. The California Gold Rush 4. Religious freedom

What is the term that means the United States was bound to spread from the Atlantic to the Pacific?

“Manifest Destiny”

What six territories were added to the United States in the 1800’s?

Louisiana Territory, Florida, Texas, Northwest Territory (Oregon), California, and New Mexico

What territory did Thomas Jefferson buy from France which greatly increased the size of the U.S.?

The Louisiana Territory

What land was gained from the Northwest Treaty which Britain made with the U.S.?

The Oregon Territory

What was the impact of Westward Expansion on Native Americans?

As more settlers moved west, they forced the Native Americans off their tribal lands.

What was the law passed in 1830 that forced Native Americans to leave their lands and move onto reservations?

The Indian Removal Act of 1830

What wars were fought in Florida because the Native Americans there refused to surrender their land?

The Seminole Wars

What trail was began Independence, Missouri and ended in Mexico?

The Santa Fe Trail

What 2,000 mile trail traveled between Independence, Missouri and the northwest corner of Oregon?

The Oregon Trail

How were the Santa Fe and Oregon Trails used differently?

The Oregon Trail was mostly used by families, but the Santa Fe trail was used to carry merchandise out west.

What were some of the hardships encountered by pioneers on their trips to the west?

Broken axels, bad weather, lack of food, sickness, bandits, and Native Americans

What often determined the success or failure of a trip west?

Whether the travelers worked together in cooperation, or whether they argued and had lots of conflicts

What were some of the obstacles pioneers faced on their trips west?

Crossing mountains and rivers

What was life like at the end of the journey west?

It was hard because houses had to be built and lands cleared. There was still bad weather, sickness and bandits.

How were the Chinese treated in California during the Gold Rush of 1849?

At first, they were welcome as long as there was plenty of jobs and gold, and did chores for the miners such as laundry and cooking. When jobs and gold became scarce, the miners discriminated against the Chinese.

What was the main issue that had to be decided when territories wanted to become states?

Whether they would be a “slave state” or a “free state”

What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 say about slavery?

When territories in the Great Lakes region applied for statehood, they could not be slave states.

What was the Missouri Compromise?

It allowed Missouri to be admitted to the US as a “slave state” and Maine to be admitted as a “free state”, keeping a balance between the number of “slave and free states”.

What was the Compromise of 1850?

It allowed California to be admitted as a “free state”, outlawed the slave trade in Washington D.C., and stated that the rest of the Mexican Cession Territory would vote on whether they would be “free” or “slave states”.

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

It stated that people in these territories could vote on whether to be “slave” or “free states”. This caused many abolitionists and slave owners to move to the area to fight for their causes. So much fighting over slavery began that the area was known as “Bleeding Kansas”