Pathogens: An organism that causes disease. (Chp. 18/chp.39) see p.550 Pathogens Bacteria Viruses FungiProtists.

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Pathogens: An organism that causes disease. (Chp. 18/chp.39) see p.550 Pathogens Bacteria Viruses FungiProtists

Types of Diseases Contagious…if it spreads quickly Non-communicable Disease: cannot be transmitted from one person to another Heart attach Depression Stroke Hypertension/hypo. Cancer Genetic disorders (only to their children) Communicable Disease: can spread from one person to another Diarrhea Pneumonia Tuberculosis (TB) Sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s)

Bacteria Unicellular and everywhere Some damage cells and tissues Others release Toxins: poisons that travel through the body and may cause diseases There are environmental toxins: Lead and Mercury Other toxins:Botulism> improperly prepare food

DiseaseBacteriumEffect on Body Strep ThroatStreptococcusFever, sore throat swollen neck glands TuberculosisMycobacteriumFatigue, weight loss, mild fever, chronic cough TetanusClostridium tenaniMuscle spasms, paralysis, death Lyme DiseaseBorrelia burgdorferiRash at site of tick bite, fever, chills Bacterial MeningitisNeisseria meningitidis High fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea DiphtheriaCorynebacterium diphtheria Sore throat, low- grade fever Diseases Caused by Bacteria

Viruses: Nonliving..Must have a LivingHost Consist of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat (Capsid [head], nucleic acid, Sheath, Tail) Bacteriophage (phage): a virus that infects a bacterium. The virus will attach its legs to a cell and then inject its genetic material into it. The virus takes control of the bacterial cell and directs it to produce viral material. A single infected cell may replicate thousands of viruses.

A typical Bacteriophage, a type of virus Attaches to a cell Protein coat

Viruses Cause…. HIV Influenza Chickenpox Colds Measles Rabies

Viral Replication Cycles p. 478/479 (1)Lytic Cycle: immediately takes over killing the host cell (2) Lysogenic Cycle: does not kill host cell immediately integrates its genetic material with the host cell…creates a provirus…..sits dormant….then one day takes over the host

Viral Replication Cycles