Forming Complex Societies Chapter 2 Lesson 2

Objectives Explain how living in villages changed the way people related to one another Describe inventions that helped people of this time lead better lives

Vocabulary Subsist – to survive Terrace – flat areas built on the slopes of hills and mountains Plow – tool used to cut, lift, and turn over soil Irrigation – ways to move water to land Barter – to trade for things people want Pastoral Society – group of people living as nomads with herds of animals

Farming Villages By 7000 BC some farming communities in southwestern Asia that produced surplus food had grown into villages

Farming Communities Spread By 6000 BC farming had spread to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa People had domesticated a variety of animals and plants for food and clothing

Changes in Technology People developed and improved farming tools, such as the plow and irrigation Allowed people to grow crops in more places

Economic and Social Change Early farmers bartered to get goods they wanted Leaders controlled surpluses and trade, as well as resolved conflicts between the groups

Summary Changes in agriculture that began before 7,000 BC caused dramatic changes in societies Surplus food allowed farming settlements to grow into villages Surpluses of food and other resources led to trade With trade, people developed more complex societies and economies