CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION CONTEXT: BORENA, GUJI & BABILE (E. Harerge) Mercy Corps CARE Ethiopia SoS Sahel Kimetrica Harmaya University

Team Members Insert picture of team working Sisay Awgichew Endale Worku Hussein Miyo Kedija Ali Malicha Sora Talew Dheressa Ismael Haro Iya Usman Jemal Hussein Ahmed Abdi Khalif Ahmed Mohamed Seid Mohamed Nur

Summary of Data Sources FGD #MaleFemaleTOOL 1: Vulnerabilit y Analysis TOOL 2: Preparedness and Response TOOL 3: Resource Use and Access Dialogue #Gov’tCommunity# male participants # female participants Data Summary

FGD – Visualization in Bitata

 Pastureland Wet and dry season grazing area Degraded areas, bush encroached areas  Major water sources  Farmlands  Settlements  Market centers  Mineral sites  Mobility routes Resource System –

8 Woredas: Yabello, Teltele,Arero, Dhas, Moyale, Miyo, Dilo & Dire No. of kebeles: 134; 44799km2 Borena Lowland Rangeland System

Wordas: Wadera, Gorodola and Liben No. of kebeles: 58; Sq Kms: 8763 Guji Lowlands Rangeland System

Babile Area Map Span: Babile woreda extending into Nogob zone of Somali Region No. of kebeles 23; 2,701.km2

 Access based on availability Resource Access GujiBoranaBabile Pasture MediumHighMedium Water HighMediumHigh Market LowMedium Financial services Low Medium Farm lands MediumLowMedium to High Livestock MediumHighMedium Forest land Medium N/A

 Other Influencing Factors Relationships Institutions Status Hazards Resource Access and Control

GujiBorana SettlementsDispersedAggregated/ ollas Reserves - enclosuresMore privateMore communal RangelandHeterogeneous, Forest based Woody/ shrubs FarmingMore dominantMore at peri – urban areas Resource Management system More PrivateMore Communal – Based on traditional system Customary management system WeakStronger degradationMediumHigh Resource Access and Control  Context variation in South

HazardFrequencyImpact on the resource Drought3-5 yrs  Depletion of pasture  Loss of livestock  Weakening HH economy Erratic rain1-2 yrs Conflict1-2 yrs  Displacement  Restricted access to resources and market Heat stressEvery year  Movement restriction  Less productive labour, Livestock diseaseEvery year  Kills animals  Weakening HH economy. Hazards and Impacts

Hazard Trends Hazards increasing in number and frequency at the period of EPRDF Similar mapping with both community and government

Level of Awareness of Causes Generally poor awareness Men are ‘better’ aware than women GOD’s will. Government has better awareness No major intra-cluster variation Hazards

Differential Vulnerability Community Groups What makes them vulnerable WomenResponsible for the management of all the remaining family members and weak animals at the homestead Young MenMove with the herd to long distances, are the one who will be at front line during conflict. Elders/ disabledMalnutrition and old age, vulnerable to disease ChildrenMalnutrition and susceptibility to disease; increased labor burden during hazards

COPINGADAPTATION MigrationFeed Production and Storage (hay making; crop residue) Stress sell of livestockRotational Grazing: Separation of wet and dry grazing areas Purchase and use of animal feedLivestock diversification Killing calvesLivelihood diversification Reducing mealsSocial/family support Watering animals at nightSmall scale fodder cultivation Increasing watering intervals Casual labour Preparedness and Response

More Effective StrategiesReasons  Livestock selling - planned  Mobility - planned  Livelihoods diversification  Livestock vaccination  Herd Diversification  Communal enclosures  Preserves assets  Creates Options  Environmentally Appropriate  Support by customary system – broad support  Appropriate timing Less Effective StrategiesReasons  Livestock selling - distressful  Charcoal and fuel wood  Casual labour  Hay making and crop residues  Feed purchase  Migration - stress  Inappropriate Timing  Short-lived  High environmental Impact  Unaffordable  Limited impact on resilience  High risk  Potential for conflict

#1: Focusing on most critical system resources: Pasture Water Livestock Market Financial services Reducing Vulnerability Building Adaptive Capacity

# 2: Addressing resource access and control Improve relationships Strengthening customary resource management system Enhancing land tenure Enhance women’s decision-making power in the household, and of key assets Reducing Vulnerability/Building Adaptive Capacity

# 3: Strengthening existing adaptive capacities  Strengthen systems for communal rangeland management Bridging community systems and government Strengthening existing land use planning processes Separating wet and dry season grazing areas Recognizing and opening mobility corridors  Recognize and respect social support systems  Enhance access and storage capacity for feed and fodder  Create market linkages for livelihood diversification Reducing Vulnerability/Building Adaptive Capacity

#4: Addressing ineffectiveness Enhance access to early warning information Enhance access to market information Attitude and behavior change on timely sale of livestock Improving infrastructures and facilitating market linkages Create public-private partnerships Creating access to commercial feed Reducing Vulnerability/Building Adaptive Capacity