EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA Effects of the 5 a Day—Power Play! Campaign’s School Idea & Resource Kit on Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, Peer Norms, and Outcome Expectations Angie Keihner, MS, Tanya Garbolino, MBA, Reba Meigs, MPA, Patrick R. Mitchell, DrPH, Mark Hudes, PhD, Sharon Sugerman, MS, RD, FADA, and Andy Fourney, DrPH

EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA Funding United States Department of Agriculture Food Stamp Program Administered by the Cancer Prevention and Nutrition Section of the California Department of Health Services

EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA Campaign Goals The California Children’s 5 a Day—Power Play! Campaign encourages low-income 9- to 11-year-old children and their families to eat the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables (FVs) and be physically active for at least 60 minutes every day.

EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA Campaign Channels The Campaign operates through a variety of community channels, including schools, community youth organizations, farmers’ markets, supermarkets, food services/restaurants, and the media.

EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA School Channel Through the schools, 4 th - and 5 th -grade teachers are provided with a variety of Campaign materials to help them conduct nutrition education activities in the classroom.

EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA School Idea & Resource Kit Grade-specific series of ten classroom- based nutrition and physical activity education activities Each School Idea & Resource Kit (SIRK) activity is designed to influence one or more determinants of children’s FV intake and/or physical activity (PA), including knowledge, self-efficacy, peer norms, and outcome expectations.

EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA Study Purpose To evaluate the impact of the Campaign's SIRK activities on the key determinants of FV intake and PA among 4th- and 5th- grade children attending low-resource public schools in California.

EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA Methods Randomly assigned schools to control or intervention group Written parental consent and student assent English speaking only Intervention: Campaign’s SIRK Students completed a teacher administered, self-report, pre/post survey Conducted over eight weeks (Jan.-Mar. 2005)

EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA Sample N = 1154 students Boys (47%); Girls (53%) Age: 8-12 years; Mean = 10 years 5th-graders (64%); 4th-graders (37%) Latino (58%), Asian (14%), White (11%), Other (10%), and African American (8%)

EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA Results: Reliability ScalesItemsCronbach’s Alpha α pre α post FV Outcome Expectations FV Asking & Shopping S-E FV Eating S-E FV Peer Norms (DROP) (α combined ) PA Outcome Expectations PA Support Seeking S-E PA Barriers S-E

EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA Results: FV Scales Intervention children were significantly more likely than control kids to show improvements in: –FV Outcome Expectations: Beliefs about the positive benefits of eating FVs (p<.001; only 5th-graders). –FV Asking and Shopping S-E: Confidence in their ability to ask and shop for FVs (p<.05). –FV Eating S-E: Confidence in their ability to eat the daily recommended amount of FVs (p<.001).

EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA Results: PA Scales Intervention children were significantly more likely than control children to show improvements in: –PA Outcome Expectations: Beliefs about the physical outcomes of being physically active (p<.05). –PA Support Seeking S-E: Confidence in their ability to ask for help getting PA (p<.05). PA Barriers S-E: No significant differences were observed between groups.

EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA Results: FV Knowledge Intervention children were significantly more likely than control children to improve their FV knowledge including: –the number of servings of FVs (p<.001) and Vs (p<.01) needed for good health, –FV benefits (e.g., vitamin C; p<.05), –FV serving quantities (e.g., 1/4 cup dried F, 1 medium-sized F, etc.; p<.05; only 4th- graders).

EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA Results: PA Knowledge Intervention children were significantly more likely than control children to improve their PA knowledge including: –the number of daily minutes of PA needed for good health (p<.001) and –PA benefits (e.g., gives you energy, keeps you from getting sick, builds healthy bones and muscles, and helps you pay attention in school; p<.001).

EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA Campaign Knowledge Intervention children were significantly more likely than control children to show improvements in: –Campaign recall (e.g., heard of the Campaign; p<.001) and –knowledge of the correct meaning of the 5 a Day— Power Play! Campaign name (e.g., eat 5+ srvgs of FVs and get 60+ mins of PA; p<.001). The intervention group also demonstrated significant increases from the pre to post assessment in both items (p<.001).

EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA Conclusion The Campaign SIRKs are pragmatic and effective tools for impacting the determinants of FV intake and PA among 4th- and 5th-grade children attending low- resource public schools.

EAT SMARTER, BE ACTIVE, GET HEALTHY CALIFORNIA Contacts Angie Keihner –research and evaluation questions Tanya Garbolino –5 a Day―Power Play! Campaign questions Visit our website –