Newton’s Second Law of Motion How fast does it go?

Acceleration An unbalanced force causes something to accelerate.

Acceleration Acceleration is directly related to the size of the force and the direction of the force. It accelerates in the direction you push or pull it.

In other words…. Large Force = Large Acceleration F a

In other words…. Small Force = Small Acceleration F a So….if you push twice as hard, it accelerates twice as much.

But there is a twist…. Acceleration is INVERSELY related to the mass of the object.

In other words…..using the same amount of force…. F Large Mass a Small acceleration F Small Mass Large acceleration a

Newton’s Second Law Newton, that brilliant genius, observed those “rules” of acceleration and came up with his second law of motion. It is both a formula & a law.

Newton’s Second Law The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force & inversely proportional to it’s mass. F = ma Force = Mass x Acceleration

Calculating Acceleration Acceleration Equation Acceleration = (final speed (in m/s) – initial speed (in m/s)) Time (in seconds) A= (s f -s i ) t Wait…… I don’t know what speed is, or how to calculate speed…. How can I calculate acceleration???

Okay then… First, you need to know the units of Force, Mass & Acceleration. –The units used for force are Newtons (N) –The units used for mass are kilograms (kg) –The acceleration units are meters per second squared (m/sec2).

Next, what is speed?

Average Speed Speed Comparison of time and distance –Distance traveled per unit time

Acceleration A change in velocity –Speeding up Positive acceleration –Slowing down Negative acceleration Deceleration –Changing direction

Calculating Speed Given Distance & Time Speed = Distance ÷ Time D ST Speed = Distance Time

Let’s Practice Riley chucks a water balloon at a big, mean looking guy at the park. Running for his life, he travels 100m in 9.83s. What was his average speed? S= Distance/time S= d/t S= 100m/9.83s S=10.17 mps (meters per second)

Calculating Distance Given Speed & Time Multiply Speed and Time Distance = Speed X Time Speed X Time = Distance D ST Distance =Speed Time

Let’s Practice 1.If you ran 15 km/h for 20 min, how much distance would you cover? Distance = Speed x time D=ST D=15 km/h x (20 min/60) D =

Calculating Time Given Distance and Speed Divide Distance by Time Distance ÷ Speed = Time Time = Distance ÷ Speed D ST Time = Distance Speed

Let’s Practice Marcy doesn't want to be late for class so she rushes to McDonald’s at lunch. How much time would it take Marcy to walk 2 km to McDonalds for a Big Mac if she walked at a rate of 4.5 km/h? Time = distance/speed T=DS T = 2km / 4.5 km/h T=.44 hours or 26.4 minutes

Calculating Acceleration Acceleration Equation Acceleration = (final speed (in m/s) – initial speed (in m/s)) Time (in seconds) A= (s f -s i ) t Oh… I get it now!

Let’s practice… Rob is really bored one Saturday night and goes outside to study the nocturnal habits of mice in the hayfield. He sees a mouse sniffing along at 0.1 m/s. but it hears and starts to scurry for safety. In just 3.7 s it accelerates to 0.9 m/s. Find its acceleration.

Let’s Practice Acceleration = (final speed (in m/s) – initial speed (in m/s)) Time (in seconds) A= (s f -s i ) t A=0.9m/s – 0.1 m/s 3.7s A=0.8m/s 3.7s A= 0.22 m/s 2

Let’s Practice A roach moves down the hall at 1.2 m/s. When he sees the janitor coming down the hall, he begins to run. After 3.2 s, he is moving at 3.6 m/s. What is his acceleration?

Let’s Practice While waiting for his Mom to come out of the hairdresser's, Sean accidentally puts the car in gear and it begins to roll forward. How far would the vehicle travel if it moved at 34 m/s for 2.5 s?

Let’s Practice While showing off for some girls at the skate park, Josh D crashes.. After the crash he tumbled 30 m in 4.2 s, what was his speed in m/s

Let’s Practice Colin skateboards down the sidewalk in front of the school, traveling at 24 km/h. How much time would it take him to travel 6.0 km?