Modulation of the Extratropical Circulation By Combined Activity of the Madden–Julian Oscillation and Equatorial Rossby Waves Lawrence C. Gloeckler and Paul E. Roundy Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences University at Albany, Albany, New York 30 th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology Sawgrass Marriott Resort Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida 20 April 2012

Three-way Feedback MJO Convection Extratropical Rossby Waves Equatorial Rossby Waves

MJO Circulation 200-hPa streamfunction (contoured every 10 × 10 5 m 2 s −1 ), total wind (vectors in m s −1 ), and MJO-filtered Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) anomaly (shaded < −16 W m −2 ). Adapted from Fig. 2b of Kiladis et al. (2005).

EQ 300-hPa MJO Circulation JET

EQ 300-hPa MJO Circulation JET

EQ 300-hPa MJO Circulation JET

EQ 300-hPa MJO Circulation JET

EQ 300-hPa MJO Circulation

Data and Methodology Analyzed satellite derived OLR data and NCEP—NCAR geopotential height and wind 40 year reanalysis data Anomalies generated by subtracting annual cycle and first four harmonics Identified a set of dates when the MJO was in RMM phase 4 Identified longitude at which ER wave crossings occurred most frequently, and found dates of ER filtered OLR minima at longitude Generated composites based on MJO, ER, and simultaneous MJO and ER signals

Results ER ONLY OLR composite anomaly averaged 7.5°S–7.5°N (shaded) 300-hPa geopotential height anomaly averaged 40°N–50°N (contoured every 20 m starting at 20 m; red=positive, blue=negative) Time Lag (days) E18060W W m -2

Results MJO ONLY OLR composite anomaly averaged 7.5°S–7.5°N (shaded) 300-hPa geopotential height anomaly averaged 40°N–50°N (contoured every 20 m starting at 20 m; red=positive, blue=negative) Time Lag (days) E18060W W m -2

Results SUM ER & MJO OLR composite anomaly averaged 7.5°S–7.5°N (shaded) 300-hPa geopotential height anomaly averaged 40°N–50°N (contoured every 20 m starting at 20 m; red=positive, blue=negative) Time Lag (days) E18060W W m -2

Results SIMULTANEOUS OLR composite anomaly averaged 7.5°S–7.5°N (shaded) 300-hPa geopotential height anomaly averaged 40°N–50°N (contoured every 20 m starting at 20 m; red=positive, blue=negative) Time Lag (days) E18060W W m -2

Results SIMULTANEOUSER ONLYMJO ONLYSUM ER & MJO Time Lag (days) E18060W60E18060W60E18060W60E18060W W m -2

Composites – ER Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day -5

Composites – ER Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day -4

Composites – ER Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day -3

Composites – ER Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day -2

Composites – ER Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day -1

Composites – ER Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day 0

Composites – ER Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day 1

Composites – ER Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day 2

Composites – ER Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day 3

Composites – ER Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day 4

Composites – ER Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day 5

Composites – MJO Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, Lag=Day -5

Composites – MJO Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, Lag=Day -4

Composites – MJO Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, Lag=Day -3

Composites – MJO Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, Lag=Day -2

Composites – MJO Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, Lag=Day -1

Composites – MJO Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, Lag=Day 0

Composites – MJO Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, Lag=Day 1

Composites – MJO Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, Lag=Day 2

Composites – MJO Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, Lag=Day 3

Composites – MJO Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, Lag=Day 4

Composites – MJO Only W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, Lag=Day 5

Composites – ER and MJO W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day -5

Composites – ER and MJO W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day -4

Composites – ER and MJO W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day -3

Composites – ER and MJO W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day -2

Composites – ER and MJO W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day -1

Composites – ER and MJO W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day 0

Composites – ER and MJO W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day 1

Composites – ER and MJO W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day 2

Composites – ER and MJO W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day 3

Composites – ER and MJO W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day 4

Composites – ER and MJO W m E120E180120W60W 0 20S 20N 40N 60N OLR, 300-hPa Height and Wind Anomaly, RMM=4, ER Base Longitude=157.5E, Lag=Day 5

Conclusion Separate ER wave and MJO composites demonstrate importance of assessing ER wave events relative to MJO Sum of two sets of events yields little additional information about extratropical circulation than MJO alone Simultaneous assessment of MJO and ER wave events yields more information about extratropical circulation than can be obtained from either mode alone

Conclusion MJO Convection Extratropical Rossby Waves Equatorial Rossby Waves

Thank You Lawrence C. Gloeckler and Paul E. Roundy Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences University at Albany, Albany, NY