University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire The Effects of Health Related Messages and Information, Reminders, Praise, and Incentives on the Food Choice Behavior of Youth Participating in an Afterschool Program Student Researchers: Tiffany Christner, Stephen Fisher, Lainee Hoffman, Kevin Reinhold & Laurelyn Wieseman Faculty Mentor: Eric Jamelske

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Preliminary Results What Kids Say They Will Eat… …and What They Actually Eat Student Researchers: Tiffany Christner, Stephen Fisher, Lainee Hoffman, Kevin Reinhold & Laurelyn Wieseman Faculty Mentor: Eric Jamelske

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Overview  Motivation  Previous Research  Survey of Behavioral Intent  Survey of Fruit and Vegetable Preferences  Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Tracking  Future Work  Questions and Discussion

Motivation  Inadequate FV consumption (not 5-9 a day)  Lots of less healthy alternatives  Rising rates of childhood and adult obesity  Significant health care concern, annual costs in the BILLIONS of $

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire  School-Based Programs to Increase FV Intake –Wechsler et al. (2000) –Wechsler et al. (2004) –Blanchette & Brug, (2005) –Knai et al. (2006)  Preferences and Exposure –Reinharts et al. (2007) –Lorson et al. (2009) FV Research

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire  Schools can increase FV intake  Programs vary widely  Success comes from teacher and administrative buy-in/support  Multidimensional interventions have most impact  Repeated exposure, availability and accessibility are important FV Research

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire  Buzby et al. (2003)  Coyle et al. (2009)  Davis et al. (2009)  Bai et al. (2011)  Potter et al. (2011)  Jamelske et al. (2009)  Jamelske and Bica (2012, 1)  Bica and Jamelske (2012) USDA FFVP Research

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire  The FFVP works  Increased FV consumption and preferences in school  Repeated exposure, availability, accessibility  Impact is limited FFVP Research

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire  Wardle et al. (2002)  Horne et al. (2004)  Cooke et al. (2011, 1)  Cooke et al. (2011, 2)  Jamelske and Bica (2012, 2)  List & Samak (2012)  Just & Price (2012) Research on Incentives and FV

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire  Incentives Matter!  Incentives can influence food choice and increase FV consumption  Healthy messages help  Peer and teacher modeling is important  More research is needed Research on Incentives and FV

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Current Project  Elementary and middle school students attend afterschool program  Program runs from 3-6pm with children arriving between 3-4pm  Children are served a snack upon arrival and dinner is served to all children who are still there at 5:30pm  Not all children attend every day  Studying FV preferences, behavioral intent and intake for snack and dinner as well as how children respond to a variety of incentives

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Preferences and Behavioral Intent  Pre-test survey inquiring about a range of behaviors  Eating familiar FV, trying unfamiliar FV and choosing FV over less healthy alternatives  The survey also inquired how often children ask their parents to buy FV for them to eat  Post-test survey will be given later

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Fruit & Vegetable Intake  Researchers observe and record fruit and vegetable items eaten from those served for snack and dinner  Children report to researchers as trays are emptied after eating  Researchers record data as ate none, tried, ate half, ate all or ate seconds  Data collected every M W F from September 2012 – May 2013  No incentives have been used as of yet in our study

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Our Sample  We have collected FV intake data for at least one day from 126 children thus far  The average number of students present at any given meal was 28, with a low of 5 and a high of 49  63 children have completed the pre-test survey  The remaining 63 children will be given the pre-test survey before the next phase of the study begins

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Results A Preliminary Analysis of the Data

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Pre-test Survey n=63

What Kids Say They Eat

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Fruit Preferences

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Fruit Preferences

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Fruit Preferences

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Vegetable Preferences

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Vegetable Preferences

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Vegetable Preferences

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire FV Intake Tracking n=126 All children do not attend every day…

Fruit & Vegetable Intake

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Fruit Intake

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Vegetable Intake

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Future Work  Continue to collect baseline data on FV intake for snack/dinner  More detailed examination of average FV intake  Compare average FV intake to preferences and behavioral intent  Explore average FV intake by meal/over time (repeated exposure)  Investigate gender, school, age, race comparisons  Individual level data for children can be matched to preferences and behavioral intent

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Future Work  Begin incentives phase  Target preferences and behavioral intent pre-test data  Serve FV like, don’t like and haven’t tried  Toys, health messages, praise/encouragement, repeated exposure  Offer less healthy choices (cookies/chips)  Observe, record, compare, analyze, report

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Questions & Discussion