By: Mrs. Long’s 3rd Grade Class Emperor Penguins By: Mrs. Long’s 3rd Grade Class

Table of Contents Characteristics……………………………………3 Habitat……………………………………………..5 Adaptations……………………………………….7 Food………………………………………………...8 How they move…………………………….…...9 How they communicate…………………..…11 Life Cycle………………………………………….12 Greatest Threats…………………………….…17

What are Characteristics of Emperor Penguins? http://www.emperor-penguin.com/emperors.html The Emperor Penguin is the largest of all the breeds of penguins. A fully grown Emperor Penguin is about 4 feet tall and weighs about 100 pounds.

http://www.emperor-penguin.com/emperor.html Fun Fact: The Scientific name for the Emperor Penguin is Aptenodytes Forsteri. Ear Patch and bill Black Cap Webbed Feet Emperor penguins are easy to recognize by their coat. Starting with the black cap they wear on their head to their webbed feet, they are made up of a variety of colors. They have a blue/grey neck, orange ear patches and bill, and yellow breasts.

What is the habitat of the Emperor Penguin? Ice Glaciers http://library.thinkquest.org/26442/html/index2.html Emperor penguins live in freezing cold Antarctica. Antarctica is the dark continent located at the South Pole. Antarctica is composed mainly of ice glaciers, snow, and freezing water.

Huddle Fun Fact: Inside the huddle it can get up to 77 degrees F in a -50 degree environment. http://www.emperor-penguin.com/emperor.html Emperor penguins have no way to be sheltered from the cold. As a result of this they stay huddled in large groups the majority of the time. As they are in their huddle, new penguins are constantly joining the group. To make sure all penguins have a chance to be in the warm center, they rotate their spots.

Adaptations Remember the huddle, where Penguins go to get warm? That is one way they have adapted to their environment. Another way they have adapted is their waterproof feathers. This is important because they spend ½ of their time in freezing cold water of Antarctica. Below their waterproof feathers is a thick layer of blubber. This layer of blubber helps to insulate their bodies. These adaptations help the Emperor Penguin survive the cold. http://www.emperor-penguin.com/emperor.html

Food Fun Fact: Mother Emperor Penguins regurgitate the food they have eaten and feed it to their young. Emperor Penguins get their food from the ocean. They dive up to eight feet down to find squid, shrimp, crab, krill, and small fish. The male and female penguins take turns getting food. While one is getting food, the other is incubating the egg.

How do Penguins move? Fun Fact: Another name for the sliding Penguins do on their belly is called “tobogganing”. As you know, Penguins spend ½ their time on land and ½ their time in the water. While on land they move in three different ways: slide, hop, and waddle. Sliding on their bellies is the quickest way they move on land. They also waddle, but this is not a quick way of moving. During the huddle, they hop to constantly change position.

http://www.emperor-penguin.com/empswim.html In the water is where Penguins really find their place. They are excellent swimmers and can travel up to 8 miles an hour.

How do Emperor Penguins Communicate? Emperor Penguins communicate in two very different ways. Each set of mating penguins has a very unique mating dance that they use to identify their partners out of hundreds of other penguins. The second way of communicating is through the special sound adult penguins use to find their young. Each family has its own unique sound.

Fun Fact: The famous march Life Cycle Fun Fact: The famous march they take is called the March to Rookery. http://www.emperor-penguin.com/march.html Emperor Penguins spend the months January through February feeding in the ocean. They spend this time feeding to gain weight and to store energy for the month of April where they march 60-100 miles back to the place they were born to mate.

Egg’s hiding place http://www.emperor-penguin.com/emperor.html Once they arrive in May the mating begins. Throughout the months of June and July the males incubate the eggs while the females are out feeding. They hold the egg on the tops of their feet and underneath their belly to keep it warm. If the egg were to touch the ground for only two minutes the chick would die.

In August the females return in time for the hatching of the chicks. http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&biw=1024&bih=571&tbm=isch&tbnid=HmUpMapFmqIGsM:&imgrefurl=http://www.arcticphoto.co.uk/supergal/ft/ft01/ft0147-00.htm&docid=aa7ubANQ2zNeoM&imgurl=http://www.arcticphoto.co.uk/Pix/OP/05/FT.0147-00_P.JPG&w=500&h=330&ei=VPhxT_TgL5DNtgfqlum-Dw&zoom=1 In August the females return in time for the hatching of the chicks.

The months September and October are spent by the females taking care of the chicks while the males go feed. http://www.emperor-penguin.com/emperor.html

http://www.emperor-penguin.com/rookery.html By November the chicks have started to huddle in groups with each other and are completely on their own by December. January starts the cycle over again!

http://www.emperor-penguin.com/emperor.html Life Cycle Diagram

Greatest Threats to Emperor Penguins Leopard Seal Killer Whale http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&biw=1024&bih=571&tbm=isch&tbnid=w_t2oLTbDakNKM:&imgrefurl=http://www.animalseatinganimals.com/2011/03/whale-eats-falling-penguin.html&docid=rKT9O4-1yJsXsM&imgurl=https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-0VivvpPH0CA/TYWnSoKMsFI/AAAAAAAADS8/FmzpmP1EipY/killer_whale_eating_penguins-jump-in-air.jpg&w=500&h=332&ei=QflxT-KXEoeItwf-8ay5Dw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=344&sig=116661465231745930451&page=1&tbnh=116&tbnw=173&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0&tx=61&ty=55 There are several threats to the emperor penguins from nature and from humans. Penguins are a food source for leopard seals, polar bears, killer whales, and the occasional shark.

Penguin Covered in Oil http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&biw=1024&bih=571&tbm=isch&tbnid=tjR9ATrB8XABhM:&imgrefurl=http://farnham.blogspot.com/2008/08/mysterious-oil-spill-killing-penguins.html&docid=MMUTcoE2XeL-YM&imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_WBjGtFQOJDw/SLg6kzjWPkI/AAAAAAAAFW0/r_SDvz1dTYI/s320/penguins.jpg&w=320&h=240&ei=BvpxT_nfMpCltweSu5XxDw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=472&vpy=234&dur=547&hovh=192&hovw=256&tx=87&ty=119&sig=116661465231745930451&page=2&tbnh=122&tbnw=175&start=16&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:16 Humans are also a great threat to Emperor Penguins. They get caught in the nets of fishermen as well as propellers on boats. Another way humans endanger penguins is through oil spills and polluted water. Penguins have also been killed for their soft, downy feathers. We should try to reduce the number of threats to these animals before they become extinct.

Emperor Penguin Acrostic Excellent Swimmers March to Rookery to Perform the mating dance. Eat lots of krill to gain weight back, Return to their mate to incubate the egg. Once the eggs hatch, the mother Regurgitates their food for their young. Playful chicks all around Enter into their own huddle. No longer being cared for they Gather their own food, Unless they are eaten by a predator. Inappropriate behavior from humans Needs to be stopped So they will not become extinct.

Glossary Adapted: how they changed to fit the environment. Composed: made of. Endanger: to put in danger. Extinct: no longer living. Huddle: huge group of penguins, gathered together to stay warm. Incubate: to keep warm until the eggs hatch. Insulate: to protect from the cold. March to Rookery: when penguins march back to where they were born to mate. Polluted: dirty, unhealthy. Regurgitate: spit up food that has already been digested. Tobogganing: the way penguins slide on their belly. Unique: special.

Index Physical Characteristics……………………………..………….3, 4 Scientific Name…………………………………………….……….…4 Antarctica……………………………………………………..….……..5 Huddle……………………………………………………….…..…...6, 7 Habitat………………………………………………………………...5, 6 Adaptations………………………………………………………..…...7 Food………………………………………………………………….…...8 Tobogganing…………………………………………………..……….9 Mating Dance……………………………………………….…………11 Communication………………………………………………….11, 12 March to Rookery…………………………………………………….12 Life Cycle…………………………………………………………...12-16 Threats……………………………………………………………...17, 18

Reference Page http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0214752/problems.html http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0214752/problems.html   http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/01006/penguins.htm  http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/kids/animals/creaturefeature/emperor-penguin/ http://www.emperor-penguin.com/emperor.html http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/kids/animals-pets-kids/birds-kids/antarctica-emperor-penguins-huddle-vin-kids/ 

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