1 Kurdistan Region Government-Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research Salahaddin University-Erbil College of Science – Chemistry department Course book of Biochemistry For chemistry students, Fourth stage 2 hours in weak, Dr. Kamaran Kaiani Abdoulrahman

First course Carbohydrate metabolism Digestion of carbohydrate Glycolysis pathway Hormonal control glucose metabolism by insulin Hormonal control by epinephrine (adrenaline) and glucagon Fate of pyruvate Citric acid cycle Glycogen metabolism Gluconeogenesis Galactose metabolism Fructose metabolism Pentose phosphate pathway Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: Glycogen storage dieseases Defects in glycolysis Galactosemia Disorders in fructose metabolism Pentosuria Diabetes mellitus Types of Diabetes mellitus 2

Lipid metabolism Digestion of lipids in intestine Absorption of lipids by intestinal mucosal cells Resynthesis of triacylglycerol and cholesteryl esters by intestinal mucosal cells Plasma lipoproteins Apolipoproteins Biosynthesis of fatty acids Formation of double bonds in fatty acids Fatty acid breakdown Ketone bodies Biosynthesis of cholesterol 3

Clinical disorders of lipid metabolism: Disorders of VLDL and chylomicrons-hypertriglyceridemia alone. Disorders of LDL-hypercholesterolaemia alone. Disorders of HDL. Combined hyperlipidaemia. Fatty liver accumulation due to Alcohol consumption Therapies available to treat hyperlipidaemia Amino acid metabolism Digestion of protein Urea cycle Metabolism of aromatic amino acids Metabolism of sulfur containing amino acids Second course 4

References Biochemistry Lubert Stryer The foundation of Biochemistry Lehninger Text book of Biochemistry Thomas M. Devlin Illustrated Biochemistry Harpers Biochemisrty Lippincotts 5