Hazard Requirements from the Perspective of the Disaster Management Support Group Levin Lauritson, NOAA, USA CE S

DisasterManagementSupportGroup Objective: To support natural and technological disaster management on a worldwide basis, by fostering improved utilization of existing and planned Earth observation satellite data

Hazard Team Coordinators EarthquakeESA, NPA/UK FireUSDA, UNEP, CFS/Canada FloodCCRS, NOAA LandslideCCRS, NIED Oil spillNRSC/UK Ice NIC/USA, CIS/Canada Volcanic hazardsNOAA,USGS, U. of Reading/UK

User LevelDisaster Management CategoryActivity Status International Mitigation Research RegionalPreparedness (Warning)Demonstration NationalRelief/RecoveryOperational State Local Other User Services Data and Products Observations Dimensions of Disaster Management

Fire Fuels Mapping Risk Assessment Detection Monitoring (System) Mapping Burned Area Recovery Smoke Management Biomass Burning Detection (within) 5 minutes Repeat time15 minutes Spatial resolution250 meters False alarm rate (max.)5% Fire intensity Real time transmission to local ground stations or information networks

Flood River Floods Coastal Floods (Tsunamis) Urban Floods Flash Flood (Excessive Rainfall) Ice Jams

FLASH FLOOD Data Resolution Requirements GOES and POESThresholdOptimum CHANNELSSpaceTimeSpaceTime VIS 1 km1 hr1 km5 min 3.9 micron4 km1 hr1 km5 min 6.7 micron8 km1 hr1 km5 min 10.7 micron4 km1 hr1 km5 min 12.0 micron4 km1 hr1 km5 min 85.5 GHz 15 x 13 km12 hr 10 x 10 km15 min 37.0 GHz 37 x 28 km12 hr 10 x 10 km15 min 22.2 GHz 50 x 40 km12 hr 10 x 10 km15 min 19.3 GHz 69 x 43 km12 hr 10 x 10 km15 min Product Resolution Requirements ProductsThresholdOptimum SpaceTimeSpaceTime Precipitation:50km3 hour1km5 min Soil Wetness Index: 50kmdaily10km4 times/day Composited PW 50km2 times/day10kmhourly

Spatial and Temporal Requirements For Non-Flash Flood Spatial ResolutionImage delivery time Application(Threshold/Optimum) Image refresh rate Infrastructure statusLand useVegetationSoil Moisture Snow Pack DEM pre- & post-flood Flood development30m/5m hours-days (function of Flood peak drainage basin) Damage assessmentBathymetry pre- and post-flood

GOES used by several national ice services to monitor ice in lower latitude seas and lakes Lower latitudes do not suffer from persistent illumination problems Spatial resolutions of 1 km (VIS) and 4 km (IR) insufficient for detailed ice mapping RequirementThresholdOptimum Ice Edge 750m, daily100m, 6 hourly Detection,100m, daily for avoidance Ice Icebergs, Sea Ice, Lake Ice

Volcanic Hazard Volcanic Ash and Sulfur Dioxide Cloud Proximal Hazards - Lava flow - Other flows - Toxic gases - Ash debris Common elements - GOES VIS, IR, UV channels - 12 micron channel - Rapid detection of eruption is currently inadequate - Similar hot spot requirements as fire community

Spatial Temporal Phenomenon Data Threshold Optimum Threshold Optimum Ash cloudIR 5 km 1 km30 min5 min Visible 1 km.5 km30 min5 min Sounder10 km 2 km30 min5 min SO 2 CloudUV20 km10 km 2 hr5 min Thermal Anomaly * IR 1 km30 m - Persistent 2 hr5 min - Transient 30 sec10 sec * Thermal anomaly verified with false alarm ratio <5% Volcanic Ash/SO 2 GOES Observation Requirements

Volcanic Hazards GOES Channel Requirements Dual Long Wave Thermal IR micron Dual Short Wave Thermal IR2 - 4 micron SO 2 Ash Absorption8.5 micron Ultra Violet micron

Common Themes Integrated Systems - GOES, Polar - Operational and research satellites - Various spatial resolutions - Various refresh rates - In-Situ Requirements process should address integrated approach Rapid response coupled with higher spatial resolution Real time access Smooth the path from research to operations