Linnaean Taxonomy  Carolus Linnaeus organized plants and animals into 7 hierarchical categories.  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus.

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Presentation transcript:

Linnaean Taxonomy  Carolus Linnaeus organized plants and animals into 7 hierarchical categories.  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species AnimaliaChordataMammaliaPrimatesHominidaeHomo Homo sapiens

 Scientific (species) name  Genus + epithet  Written in Latin  Dead, but universal scholarly language  Italicized or underlined  Ex:Canis familiaris Mycobacterium leprae Linnaean Taxonomy

Archaea  Prokaryotic  Unicellular  Cell walls of various materials  Heterotrophic and autotrophic  Mostly extreme habitats

Bacteria  Prokaryotic  Unicellular  Cell walls of peptidoglycan  Heterotrophic and autotrophic

Endosymbiotic Theory  Lynn Margulis (1960’s)  Ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts were engulfed by eukaryotic cells.  Evidence – m&c…  Have double membranes  Have their own DNA  Reproduce on their own  Have their own ribosomes

Protista  All eukaryotes not defined as plants, fungi, or animals  Algae and protozoans

Protista

Fungi  Eukaryotic  Uni- and multicellular  Cell walls of chitin  Heterotrophic

Fungi

Spread by growth… …and spore dispersal Fungi

Asexual Reproduction

Fungi

Plantae  Eukaryotic  Multicellular  Cellulose walls  Autotrophic

Animalia  Eukaryotic  Multicellular  No cell walls  Heterotrophic

Systematics “Our classifications will come to be genealogies”  Using…  Morphology, embryology, paleontology, biochemistry

Phylogenetic Tree

Which of these trees depicts a different phylogeny from the other two?

Amphibians Phylogenetic Tree - Tetrapods  Groups- Amphibians, Birds, Mammals, Reptiles  Primitive Characteristics  Vertebrae, four limbs, heterotrophy, bilateral symmetry Reptiles Birds Feathers Mammals Other Tetrapods Ancestral Tetrapod Amniotic Egg Endothermy Fur

Phylogenetic Tree - Domains (Carl Woese, U of Illinois)  Three domains of living things  Reorganization:Archaea more similar to Eukarya based on molecular data Progenote Eukarya Protista, Fungi Plantae, Animalia Bacteria Eukaryotes Archaea Prokaryotes Membrane and ribosome structure