National Consciousness & English Language Francophobia War with France; English more Patriotic Parliament, Nobility, King Economic & Religious Issues William Langland, Piers Plowman Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales Social Commentaries Popular Mysticism Julian of Norwich, Margery Kempe Personal Experience Vernacular Bibles John Wyclif: Theologian, Critic Eucharist, Purgatory, Ceremonies English Suitable for Bible Julian of Norwich, Revelations

Chaucer, General Prologue, Whan that Aprill with his shoures soote : When April with its sweet-smelling showers 2 The droghte of March hath perced to the roote, Has pierced the drought of March to the root, 3 And bathed every veyne in swich licour And bathed every vein (of the plants) in such liquid 4 Of which vertu engendred is the flour; By the power of which the flower is created; 5 Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breeth When the West Wind also with its sweet breath, 6 Inspired hath in every holt and heeth In every holt and heath, has breathed life into 7 The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne The tender crops, and the young sun 8 Hath in the Ram his half cours yronne, Has run its half course in Aries, 9 And smale foweles maken melodye, And small fowls make melody, 10 That slepen al the nyght with open ye Those that sleep all the night with open eyes 11 (So priketh hem Nature in hir corages), (So Nature incites them in their hearts), 12 Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages, Then folk long to go on pilgrimages, 13 And palmeres for to seken straunge strondes, And professional pilgrims (long) to seek foreign shores, 14 To ferne halwes, kowthe in sondry londes; To (go to) distant shrines, known in various lands; 15 And specially from every shires ende And specially from every shire's end 16 Of Engelond to Caunterbury they wende, Of England to Canterbury they travel, 17 The hooly blisful martir for to seke, To seek the holy blessed martyr, 18 That hem hath holpen whan that they were seeke. Who helped them when they were sick.

The 100 Years War, Continued Edward III & Henry IV Victories at Sluys, Crécy, Poitiers Failings During the 1370s, ‘80s Henry’s Position Henry V Character & French Crisis Preparations and War, Northern Expanse Reign of Henry VI Turning Point, 1429 Losses in the North, South The End in 1453 Shakespeare’s Henry V, 1600

Edward III & Henry IV Edward III (r ) 1337/8 Retaliation and Claim to France Sluys, ‘40; Crécy, ‘46; Poitiers, ’56 French Resurgence (King Charles V, VI) 1370s – Ed III’s Age, Leadership 1380s – English Contraction Intermission & Peace, King Henry IV, r Usurper; Domestic Rebellions No Position to Launch vs. France Court Factions, Rise of Henry V Henry IV, c. Jacobethan (James/Eliz) National Portrait Gallery

Henry V, 1386/ (r ) Character Strong, Confident, Aristocratic Professional Soldier, Chivalric French Crisis Young King Charles VI (12 at 1380) Insanity, ‘92; Nobility in Civil War, ‘07-> Preparations and War, Henry V’s Small Forces (c. 6-9,000) Harfleur, Sept., 1415 Agincourt, October 25, ’15 (St. Crispin’s) French c ,000, c.7-9k dead Northern Expanse Rouen, ‘19; Treaty of Troyes, ‘20 Henry V, c. Jacobethan National Portrait Gallery

From Shakespeare’s Henry V

The End Under Henry VI, r Death of Henry V, August ‘22 Henry VI a Minor; Uncles in Control John, Dk Bedford; Verneuil, ‘24 Turning Point, 1429 English Seige of Orléans Joan of Arc’s Leadership Captured, ‘30, d. ’31 Burgundians Switch to French Crown Losses in the North, South Normandy, Brittany, Rouen Gascony, Bordeaux, Bayonne The End: Castillon, 1453 French Cannons; English Calais Joan of Arc, late 15 th Cent.