Summaries Summarise each entry in no more than three sentences. anaesthetic given to patients to stop them feeling pain. Little was known about anaesthetics in Tudor times, so surgery was often very painful for the patient. Usually the patient would be made drunk, or punched, to make them unconcious so that they would not fell pain. barber-surgeon person who cut hair and performed operations. Barber-surgeons amputated legs and arms, pulled out teeth and stitched cuts. They did not always use clean medical instruments and so spread infection. They had no anaesthetics, so surgery was very painful for their patients. chest wooden box where doctors kept instruments and medicines. Inside were glass bottles for medicines and cures, and instruments for operating on patients.

Be an editor Edit the text below, deleting as many unnecessary words as possible. You could use the style of the entries in An Encyclopedia of Tudor Medicine as a guide. bruise A bruise is an injury caused by a blow to the body. The dark mark, or bruise, left on the skin is caused by slight bleeding under the skin. At first, the blood clots and the bruise looks black and purple. Later, as the blood dissolves, the bruise turns yellowy green and then fades. The medical name for a bruise is a contusion.

Book titles Questions Keeping track of your research Keep a note of the titles of the books you are using. Use this grid to list useful pages or to make brief notes.

Book title: Author: What I knew before reading this book What I know after reading this book Read and reflect

What’s in a word? Dictionary definition My definition Word

KWL chart I already know I would like to know I have learned

Non-fiction book review Title: Author: Publisher: Date: Reason for reading: How did you find the answers to your questions? How did the layout and organisation of the book help you to read? What was the most interesting fact in the book? Would you recommend? Why?/Why not?

Reading pictures Look through the book and answer these questions. Book title What sort of pictures are there? e.g. drawings, photographs, diagrams, tables, timelines, maps, graphs. If there are drawings, why have they been used instead of photographs? Now choose a double page spread. Look carefully at the pictures and read the text. Page numbers: What can you work out from the pictures that you are not told in the texts. Would you change or add any pictures to the pages? If so, what?

How I read non-fiction texts Tick the boxes that describe what you do. I look at the cover and think about the content. I think about what I already know about the subject. I read from beginning to end. I flick through the book to get an idea of content and how the book is organised. I read the contents page to find out what the main sections are. I use the contents page to help me find what I want to know. I use index to help me find what I want to know I skim read a page and decide where to start reading. I read all the illustrations. I read all headings and sub-headings. I notice the different types of print e.g. bold and italics. When I want to find a particular piece of information I scan the page looking for key words. When I find what I want on a page I read closely around the word to see if I can find more. When I have finished reading, I think about what I have found out. Always Sometimes Never

How I write non-fiction texts Tick the boxes that describe what you have done. Date: Title: Text Type: In this piece of writing I have used: Text Illustrations Title Drawings Main heading Maps Sub-headings Plans Paragraphs Diagrams Captions Graphs Glossary Photographs Contents Time lines Index Boxes and arrows Grammar and Punctuation Language Full stops Language features of ____________________ text type Commas Technical words Bullet points Bold Italics Process Plan Draft Editing Proof reading