Urban Form in America and Europe Pietro S. Nivola Senior Fellow Governance Studies The Brookings Institution.

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Presentation transcript:

Urban Form in America and Europe Pietro S. Nivola Senior Fellow Governance Studies The Brookings Institution

Fundamentals Space Source: Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Columbia University

Demography  Population Growth Source: OECD

Demography  Age Profile Source: OECD

Demography  Mobility Within County (65%) New County, Same State (19%) Different State (13%) International (3%) Over one in ten Americans moved in 2008 (38.7 million people) Mobility patterns: Source: US Census Bureau

The Economy  GDP Source: OECD Per Capita Gross Domestic Product (inflation adjusted USD)

Policy Distinctions Agricultural Subsidies Source: OECD

Transportation Policy United StatesUntied Kingdom Public Transit Public Transit Roads and Road-Related Expenses Roads and Road- Related Expenses Allocation of Transportation Spending (as share of total ground transportation spending) Source: US Department of Transportation, UK Department for Transport

Energy Prices and Taxes Source: The Brookings Institution Unleaded Gas Prices and Taxes (2008, Q1)

Source: The Brookings Institution Automotive Diesel Prices and Taxes (2008, Q1) Energy Prices and Taxes

Electricity Prices for Households (U.S. Dollars per Kilowatt-hour) Source: OECD Energy Prices and Taxes

Percent of Trips Taken by Various Modes of Transportation AutoPublic TransitBicycleOther (includes walking) Auto Trips Per Transit Trip United States Great Britain France Germany Source: Sprawl in Europe and America, Michael Lewyn, 46 San Diego L. Rev. 85

Source: Transportation: A Geographical Analysis, by William Richard Black, pp Vehicle Kilometers Driven (per capita, 2003)

Education Source: US Department of Education Per Capita Education Expenditure (Annual expenditure per student, in USD)

High School Math and Science Scores International Comparisons Source: The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), 2006.

The Urban-Suburban Education Gap in America Sources: The New York Times, Mass. State Board of Education Over 95% 90-95% 80-89% Under 80% MCAS Composite

Source: IEA Statistics Division, Energy Balances of OECD Countries (2008 edition). Energy Consumption: Total energy consumption per capita Units: Kilograms of oil equivalent (kgoe) per person 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9, FranceGermanyItaly United KingdomUnited States So What? Big Foot

Carbon Footprint: International Comparison Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), metric tons of CO2 per capita (UNFCCC) Source: United Nations

What To Do?  Shopworn “Solutions”  Emulate Europe? No and Yes