Year09-10 Geog Sabah Field Trip 04-07Dec2009 Man-Land Interaction

colonial exploitations  Lumbering  rapid depletion  Land used for oil palm plantations could not be used after land abandonment. (acidic soil)

 Biodiversity loss  Loss of habitat  Some animals were taken to Europe as pets  Nutrient cycle was disrupted.

Ecotourism Ecological tourism 1.See the beautiful scenery 2.Raise the public awareness

Examples in Sabah Proboscis Monkeys

Fireflies

Canopy Forest

Coral Beach

national parks  source of income  for medical use and studying  Fallowing period for destroyed plants  Retain more plant and animal species.

Performances in Cultural Village Mixture of Education & Entertainment Culture Conservation Life of People

Pollution River Klias: water pollution Air Pollution, Noise Pollution  Affect flora & fauna there

national parks  Human disturbance  Pollution  Emission from vehicles  Road building

Deforestation

Soil erosion ♠ No more tree roots binding the soil together

Short-term Effects on Hydrological Cycle ↑ Surface runoff ↑ Discharge ↑ Flooding

Long-term Effects on Hydrological Cycle ↓ Transpiration ↓ Precipitation ↓ Base flow ↑ Drought

Plantation an agricultural activity that crops are grown mainly for sale in distant markets, rather than for local consumption.

Examples of plantation Rubber Trees Coffee Tree

Tobacco Cotton Examples of plantation

Tea Plantation Sabah Tea Garden Tea Product

natural trees near the plantation fields will easily die without self-regulatory system Biodiversity loss

a) food chain is damaged b) living area is reduced c) extinction of animals Loss of habitat

Monoculture damages nutrient cycle depletion of soil nutrient

The infertile soil is unfavorable for growing plants ○ Primary vegetation  secondary vegetation

Bare Land ○ no trees roots binding the soil  soil erosion + desertification

Agroforestry  Integrated farming approach  Aim: 1.getting resources needed 2.conserving the environment

Tree bark pencil cases  Cause little harm to trees  A source of income of local people

Terrace farming  Aim : prevent soil erosion and surface runoff  A soil conservation method

Sabah tea  Grow on foothills of Mt Kinabalu  Organic farming : No chemical fertilizers or pesticides

Kerosene nuts Can be a kind of bio-diesel

Fire! Kerosene !!! Amazing !!!